2. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION  4G (also known as Beyond 3G), an abbreviation for Fourth- Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications.  It will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia.  It can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations.  As the second generation was a total replacement of the first generation networks and handsets.  the third generation was a total replacement of second generation networks and handsets.

3.  The fourth generation cannot be an incremental evolution of current 3G technologies, but rather the total replacement of the current 3G networks. 3G  There is no formal definition for what 4G is; however, there are certain objectives that are projected for 4G.  These objectives include: that 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system. 4G will be capable of providing between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors, with premium quality and high security. IP-basedqualitysecurityIP-basedqualitysecurity  Fourth Generation (4G) Wireless Networks are being developed to further enhance the mobile user experiences through higher speed radio access and increased quality of service (QoS).

4. HISTORY OF 4G WIRELESS HISTORY OF 4G WIRELESS Wireless System Evolution: Wireless System Evolution:  First generation: Almost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems where voice was considered to be the main traffic.  Second generation : All the standards belonging to this generation are commercial centric and they are digital in form. Around 60% of the current market is dominated by European standards.

5. Third generation : To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. Third generation : To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving.  The systems in this standard are essentially a linear enhancement of 2G systems.  Currently, transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems. As a part of this transition, numerous technologies are being standardized. 2.75G: 2.75G: – EDGE/EGPRS EDGE – CDMA2000 (1xRTT) CDMA2000 3G: 3G: – UMTS (W-CDMA) UMTSW-CDMA UMTSW-CDMA – CDMA2000 (1xEV-DO/IS-856) CDMA20001xEV-DO CDMA20001xEV-DO – WiMax WiMax

6. 3.5G: 3.5G: – UMTS (HSDPA) UMTSHSDPA UMTSHSDPA – UMTS (HSUPA) UMTSHSUPA UMTSHSUPA – CDMA2000 (EV-DO Rev.A) CDMA2000EV-DO CDMA2000EV-DO 3.75G 3.75G – UMTS (HSPA+) UMTSHSPA+ UMTSHSPA+ – CDMA2000 (EV-DO Rev.B/3xRTT) CDMA2000EV-DO CDMA2000EV-DO 4G: 4G: – Flash-OFDM Flash-OFDM – 3GPP LTE 3GPP LTE 3GPP LTE  Fourth generation : According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals of 4G will have almost all the standards from 2G to 4G implemented.

7.  Emerging mobile applications including Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), Wireless Broadband Access (WBA), HDTV data, mobile TV, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), voice over IP, sensory data, are demanding new mechanisms that must be met.  The following objectives have been suggested by the 4G wireless communication standards and the 4G working group”: Higher Spectral Efficiency Higher Spectral Efficiency Higher Mobility at Higher Data Rates Higher Mobility at Higher Data Rates Enhancement in Delay Budgets Enhancement in Delay Budgets Higher Network Capacity Higher Network Capacity

8. FEATURES OF 4G WIRELESS SYSTEMS FEATURES OF 4G WIRELESS SYSTEMS  The following are some possible features of the 4G systems : 1. Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services. 1. Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services. 2. High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit. 2. High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit. 3. Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks. 3. Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks. 4. Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements 4. Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements

9. OVERVIEW OF 4G OVERVIEW OF 4G  In Korea, the development of 4G mobile system technologies is very actively carried on.  The activities of 4G development in Korea will be introduced. In the first part, the current status of preparing the commercial WiBro service will be presented.  The WiBro Service (Portable Internet Service for 2.3GHz), as the low mobility data service, has been defined as a pre-4G service and the development of the system.  The 4G system will support 100Mbps data rate for high mobility and 1Gbps for low mobility.

11. .  The future mobile device will therefore be first and foremost a computer, then an open wireless architecture (OWA) low-power terminal.  This OWA technology offers an optimal solution to open up the wireless platform for complete openness, simplicity.  OWA supports service-oriented architecture and infrastructure that is necessary for future mobile phone development.  the next generation mobile communication technology (called 4th generation mobile, or 4G Mobile), the future trend is same.

13.  Nowadays, network technology plays a significant role in the science and business area.  Scientists innovate and develop some new technologies to fit businesses’ needs and to satisfy people’s demands.  Thus, the hot topics of the network technology that are going to be illustrated in this paper are 3G and 4G technologies and beyond (5G).  “4G is a research item for next-generation wide-area cellular radio, where you have 1G, 2G, 3G and then 4G [and 5G] is the clear. From these points of view, we can clearly understand that 4G does not really exist yet. Evolution from 3G to 4G and beyond(5G)

14.  Generally speaking, 4G is an evolution not only to move beyond the limitations and problems of 3G, but also to enhance the quality of services, to increase the bandwidth and to reduce the cost of the resource.  The differences between 3G and 4G, 4G working principle, and 5G (completed wireless communication with almost no limitation; somehow people called it REAL wireless world).  The main distinguishing factors between 3G and 4G will be data ratesservices, transmission ways, access technology to the Internet.  In the other words, 4G will bring us almost perfect real world wireless or called “WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web

15.  How 4G works (working principle): In the 4G wireless networks, each node will be assigned a 4G-IP address (based on IPv6), which will be formed by a permanent “home ‿ IP address  When a device (computer) in the Internet wants to communicate with another device (cell phone) in the wireless network.  the computer will send a packet to the 4G-IP address of the cell phone targeting on its home address.  Then a directory server on the cell phone’s home network will forward this packet to the cell phone’s care-of address through a tunnel, mobile IP; moreover.  the directory server will also inform the computer that the cell phone’s care-of address (real location), so next packets can be sent to the cell phone directly.

16. WIRELESS LAN WIRELESS LAN

17.  A wireless LAN or WLAN or wireless local area network is the linking of two or more computers or devices using spread-spectrum or OFDM modulation technology based to enable communication between devices in a limited area. LANwirelesslocal area networkspread-spectrum OFDMLANwirelesslocal area networkspread-spectrum OFDM  This gives users the mobility to move around within a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network.  The popularity of wireless LANs is a testament primarily to their convenience, cost efficiency, and ease of integration with other networks and network components.  Benefits of WAN are convenience, mobility, deployment, productivity, cost.  Disadvantages of WAN are security, range, speed and reliability.

18. TYPES OF WIRELESS LAN TYPES OF WIRELESS LAN  Three types of LANs are peer-to-peer wireless LAN peer-to-peer wireless LAN Bridge wireless LAN Bridge wireless LAN Roaming wireless LAN Roaming wireless LAN  Roaming are of 2 types Internal Roaming Internal Roaming External Roaming External Roaming

19. MERITS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS MERITS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS Traffic Management Traffic Management Buffer Management Buffer Management Mobility Management Mobility Management  Traffic management (TM) mechanisms such as Call Admission Control (CAC), Scheduling.  Buffer Management (BM) play a key role in the design of multi- service wireless network by providing service differentiation from diverse applications and assigning.  Mobility management is the integration and interworking of existing wireless systems are important factors to obtain seamless roaming and services in next generation or 4G wireless networks

20. DEMERITS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS DEMERITS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS DNP (Distributed Network Problem) DNP (Distributed Network Problem) HWNS (Heterogeneous wireless networks) HWNS (Heterogeneous wireless networks) Context Aware Adaptability Context Aware Adaptability  Distributed NP (DNP) problems are ones supplied with probability distributions of instances.  In the next generation of heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs), a large number of different radio access technologies (RATs) will be integrated into a common network

21. APPLICATIONS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS APPLICATIONS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS Easy to add stations as there are no cables required. Easy to add stations as there are no cables required. Signals can be sent through doors and walls so the stations can be mobile. Signals can be sent through doors and walls so the stations can be mobile. There is less need for technical support in setting up due to their simple nature. There is less need for technical support in setting up due to their simple nature. There are no cables to trip over so there are less health and safety issues to consider. There are no cables to trip over so there are less health and safety issues to consider. It has high data rate and higher bandwidth. It has high data rate and higher bandwidth.

22. CURRENT RESEARCH OF 4G CURRENT RESEARCH OF 4G  The 4th Generation (4G) wireless mobile internet networks will be combined through current existing cellular networks & Wireless LAN networks with fixed internet to support wireless mobile internet.  The field of wireless networks has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years causing it to become one of the fastest growing segments of the telecommunications industry.  As wireless networks evolve with increasing size and profitability.  In the current communications age, the capabilities of mobile devices are increasing.  The mobiles are capable of communicating at data rates of hundreds of mbps on 4G networks. This enables playback of rich multimedia content comparable to internet.

23.  The advent of the mobile wireless Internet has created the need for seamless and secure communication over heterogeneous access networks.  Telecommunications advances have created the need for a high speed, ubiquitous network capable of catering for diverse application domains.  This Next Generation or 4G network can be achieved through the interworking of several existing architectures.  With an increasingly mobile society and the worldwide deployment of mobile and wireless networks, the wireless infrastructure can support many current and emerging healthcare applications.

24. FUTURE SCOPE OF 4G FUTURE SCOPE OF 4G  Fourth-Generation (4G) Wireless Networks: Applications and Innovations plans to present the state of the art research and practices of the roadmaps to fourth generation wireless networks.  The proposals may include, but are not limited to, the following areas of interest: 4G and mobile TV 4G and mobile TV Security implications Security implications 4G Security 4G Security 4G network management reference model 4G network management reference model Architectures for increased mobility, security, and energy optimization Architectures for increased mobility, security, and energy optimization New network topologies New network topologies

25. CONCLUSION CONCLUSION  Nowadays, wireless technology is getting popular and important in the network and the Internet field.  Therefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will look like and what services it will offer to people. However, we can get the general idea about 4G from academic research.  4G is the evolution based on 3G’s limitation and it will fulfill the idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, offering more services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost.