1. WAVES TIDES CURRENTS WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

2. WAVES Definition: A form of energy moving through water Created by energy being transferred from the wind through the water

3. CAUSES OF WAVES 1. Strength of the wind 1. Length of time the wind blows 1. Distance over which the wind blows

4. EXAMPLES OF WAVES: BREAKER WAVES AT THE BEACH Surfers ride breaker waves to the beach. (Microsoft Clip Art)

5. WAVES DURING A STORM DURING A STORM, WAVES CAN GET VERY LARGE AND STRONG (Microsoft Clip Art

6. TSUNAMI WAVES RESULT FROM EARTHQUAKES RELEASING ENERGY UNDERWATER (Microsoft Clip Art)

7. MISC. INFO ABOUT WAVES: Parts of a wave: Trough = bottom Crest = top Wavelength = horizontal distance between crests Wave Height = vertical distance between crest & trough http://soschem.blogspot.com/2009/1 1/parts-of-wave-diagram.html

8. TIDES Definition: The rise and fall of Earth’s water on its coastlines (Microsoft Clip Art)

9. CAUSES OF TIDES: Gravitationa l pull of the SUN & MOON http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/N atSci102/movies/tides2.gif

10. EXAMPLES OF TIDE CYCLES: Daily Tide Cycle: HIGH & LOW – 2 times each day 12 hours apart

11. HTTP://WWW.MICHAELTAYLOR.CA/CULTURE/HOPEWELL-HIGH-LOW.JPG

12. EXAMPLES OF TIDE CYCLES: Monthly Tide Cycle: SPRING – During Full & New Moons Makes a straight line with the sun, moon & earth

13. http://www.askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary- students/subjects/environment/sea-time-story/tides/spring-tides-neap- tides/

14. EXAMPLES OF TIDE CYCLES: Monthly Tide Cycles: NEAP – 1 st & 3 rd Quarter Moons Makes a 90° angle “like a bent knee”

15. HTTP://KAYALSKY.COM/IMAGES/FAQS/FAQS_TIDES_3.JPG NEAP TIDES

16. MISC. INFO ABOUT TIDES: If it’s low tide at 4 am, when will the next low tide occur? 4 pm (they happen 12 hours apart!) Draw a picture of the Moon, Earth & Sun aligned during a SPRING TIDE: Draw a picture of the Moon, Earth & Sun aligned during a NEAP TIDE:

17. CURRENTS Definition: Large streams of water flowing through the oceans

18. CAUSES OF CURRENTS: Coriolis Effect & Temperature Surface currents are driven by the wind.

19. EXAMPLES OF CURRENTS: Coriolis Effect – the spin of Earth on its axis makes winds & currents move: Northern Hemisphere = clockwise current movement Southern Hemisphere = counter clockwise current movement

20. CORIOLIS EFFECT CAUSES CURRENTS TO MOVE IN SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS http://www.pinellascounty.org/newsletters/e- lert/images/feb_2010/coriolis-effect.jpg

21. TEMPERATURE AFFECTS CURRENTS Warm currents near the equator flow towards the poles, Then cold, dense water flows back towards the equator, causing convection currents

22. CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE OCEANS http://www.nature-education.org/currents.gif

23. MISC. INFO. ABOUT CURRENTS: RIP CURRENT – rush of water that flows rapidly back to sea through a narrow opening in a sandbar http://www.buoybuddy.net/Rip_Current_Diagram.html

24. MISC. INFO ABOUT CURRENTS: UPWELLING – When wins blow warm water away, allowing cold water to rise & fill the space Brings nutrients & fish towards the surface http://www.pnas.org/content/105/ 6/1965/F1.large.jpg