2. List the 4 causes of The Great War NATIONALISM ALLIANCES MILITARISM IMPERIALISM

3. The Start of the Great War Remember: The four causes were building up for years

4. In 1914, Colonel Edward House reported the facts above to President Wilson’s. He also said, “Europe is like a POWDERKEG, it only requires a SPARK to set the whole thing off !!”

5. 1. In June 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist (someone who strongly supports the country of Serbia)

6. 2. The assassination of the Archduke was the “spark” that started the Great War (the immediate cause)

7. 3. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and the countries of Europe took sides based on their military alliances.

8. THE MAJOR ALLIED POWERS Name some of the Allied Powers of Europe Great Britain France Belgium Russia Serbia Japan 1914 Italy 1915

9. THE CENTRAL POWERS Name some of the Central Powers in Europe Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria The Ottoman Empire (present day Turkey)

10. THE NEUTRAL POWERS Switzerland Spain The Netherlands Denmark

11. We remained

12. The War in Europe 1.The Allies blockaded the Central Powers. Germany responded by using submarines (U-Boats) to blockade the Allies. 2.Germany would sink any ship without warning. This was called unrestricted submarine warfare.

13. Above: a captured German U-boat in dry dock Right: An Allied bi-plane dropping a torpedo on a German sub

14. 3. Germany swept through Belgium and invaded France. They were stopped 20 miles from Paris at the Marne River (Western Front)

15. 4. Then, Germany attacked Russia, causing heavy loss of life and property (Eastern Front)

16. 5. Both Allied and Central troops dug trenches to secure territory. No land was gained for months. The war was a STALEMATE !!

17. Technology of World War 1 trench warfare tanks aerial combat (biplanes) zeppelins poison gas U-boats Poison gas killed 80,000 soldiers during WW1.

18. Right: a German tank crossing an Allied trench Left: a British biplane used in combat