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The Cold War Pt. I February 2009
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Cold War: When? End of WWII (1945) to Fall of Berlin Wall (1989)
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WHO CARES ABOUT THE COLD WAR ANYWAY?
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So…the COLD War? We’re fighting, but not really? (LOOK @ HANDOUT)
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Cold War---Why? USA & USSR emerged from WWII as world’s two superpowers. They became rivals through (1) different ideologies (communism/capitalism) (2) mutual distrust Russia wanted 2 nd front in WWII in 1942 (did not get until 1944) Atom Bomb kept a secret
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Cold War---The 2 Cs Communism Gov’t ownership State plans & controls economy Capitalism Private ownership Private profit Free competition
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MARXISM February 2009 Danke. Yo soy Karl Marx. Welcome to my “ism.”
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What was happening in Europe in the 1800s?
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CAPITALISM What are some key characteristics of capitalism? Time permitting Rockefeller Carnegie
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WHAT DID MARX BELIEVE ABOUT THE PAST?
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Marx on History “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of ______ struggle.” CLASS
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(Turner, Beeghley, and Powers 1998:116) How many classes have existed in each stage of human history? Was socialism seen as an improvement over capitalism? Did Marx believe society was progressing?
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Understanding World Ideologies Through Two Cows Fascism You have two cows. The government takes both, hires you to take care of them, and sells you the milk. Pure Communism You have two cows. Your neighbours help you take care of them, and you all share the milk. Real World Communism You share two cows with your neighbours. You and your neighbours bicker about who has the most "ability" and who has the most "need". Meanwhile, no one works, no one gets any milk, and the cows drop dead of starvation. Russian Communism You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the government takes all the milk. You steal back as much milk as you can and sell it on the black market. Totalitarianism You have two cows. The government takes them and denies they ever existed. Milk is banned.
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Understanding World Ideologies Through Two Cows Pure Democracy You have two cows. Your neighbours decide who gets the milk. Representative Democracy You have two cows. Your neighbours pick someone to tell you who gets the milk. British Democracy You have two cows. You feed them sheep's brains and they go mad. The government doesn't do anything. Pure Anarchy You have two cows. Either you sell the milk at a fair price or your neighbours try to take the cows and kill you. Pure Capitalism You have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull. Capitalism You don't have any cows. The bank will not lend you money to buy cows, because you don't have any cows to put up as collateral.
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Understanding World Ideologies Through Two Cows Environmentalism You have two cows. The government bans you from milking or killing them. Political Correctness You are associated with (the concept of "ownership" is a symbol of the phallo centric, war mongering, intolerant past) two differently - aged (but no less valuable to society) bovines of non-specified gender. Surrealism You have two giraffes. The government requires you to take harmonica lessons.
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Soviet Union (1922-1991) USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (aka Soviet Union) Although 15 countries were republics, the only country with real power was Russia. Communist countries dominated by but NOT in the USSR (i.e. Poland, Romania, Bulgaria) became known as “satellite states” “Iron Curtain” created that split Europe into non-Communist West & Communist East
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USSR Map: 1950
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Eastern Europe USSR: E.E. is buffer against attacks. USA: E.E. is 1 st attempt to expand empire. Why would the US be afraid of Communism expanding? (write down the answers!)
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Containment State Dept. planner George F. Kennan proposed containment policy: A “long- term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansivist tendencies.” What is the assumption? Bottom line for the U.S.: Don’t allow Communism to grow. What might Soviet assumptions be of the U.S.? Kennan
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Truman Doctrine (Don’t write---What do we know about this guy?) Truman Doctrine: Supported any nation threatened by Communism Application of Containment policy Early Successes: Greece & Turkey Korea & Guatemala: Other early successes?
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Extra Info (free) (Talking about Truman’s election in 1948) “After the campaign opened in September, many correspondents noted the warmth and friendliness of the crowds which Truman attracted, but saw no reason to revise their view that he was engaged in a hopeless and quixotic effort. In one of the memorable lines of 1948, Richard H. Rovere wrote in The New Yorker that the American people seemed willing to give Truman "just about anything he wants except the Presidency."
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Korean War (1950-1953) “The Forgotten War”: U.S. nickname North vs. South Korea but w/ major help China United States Communist
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What does 1949 and China have to do with US foreign policy…
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Brief History of the War 6/25/50: North Korea crosses the _____ parallel 9/15/50: N.K. had conquered almost entire peninsula except for SE corner (called Pusan Perimeter) 9/15/50: Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads surprise “amphibious” invasion of Inchon on West coast & behind N. Korean lines.
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Brief History of the War 11/24/50: US/South K. had pushed N.K. out of the South & had conquered most of N. Korea Why go to N. Korea? 11/24/50: China crosses the Yalu River to aid N. Korea. This surprised the US & S. Korea, causing a retreat. 1951-1953: Fighting back & forth near 38 th parallel 4/10/51: MacArthur fired by Truman
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End of Korean War 7/27/53: Armistice kept division along 38 th parallel (no real change) 5 million dead Korea devastated Communism “contained” In the next 50 years, SK became economically successful while NK did not.
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Korea’s & China’s leaders during Korean War NK: Kim Il Sung Ruled NK 1948-1994, relied on China & USSR, anti-Western, dealt arms to developing countries SK: Syngman Rhee Ran authoritative police state but was anti- Communist China: Mao Zedong Communist People’s Republic of China (PRC) declared in 1949 USSR (Not directly involved): Stalin Stalin did not think US would get involved so he gave Il Sung “permission” to invade SK.
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Important Lesson That Wasn’t Learned by U.S. Stick to your original objectives How does this apply to Korea? Great Maps: http://www.paulnoll.com/Korea/Maps/http://www.paulnoll.com/Korea/Maps/
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ACTIVEHISTORY CARTOON INTERPRETATION
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