1. Kingdom Protista Chapter 19

2. Kingdom Protista – “Catch all”  Eukaryotes  Unicellular and Multicellular (MOST are multi!)  Autotrophic or heterotrophic – classified by the way they obtain food!  Some have cell walls  Many have structures specific for movement.

3. Types of Protists  Animal like Protists  Plant like Protists  Funguslike Protists

4. Animal-like Protists  Typically heterotrophic, motile, unicellular  Live in water but can be found in moist soil  Grouped by method of locomotion

5. Phylum Zoomastigina: Zooflagellates  Move by flagella  Live symbiotically Examples:- 1.Trichonympha collaris – termites 2.Tyrpanosoma brucei – tsetse fly that causes sleeping sickness

6. Sarcodines Amoeba  Unicellular  Reproduce by binary fission  Move by psuedopods “false foot”  Feed by phagocytosis  Can cause dysentery

7. Sarcodines Amoeba

8. Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates Paramecium  Use cilia for feeding and movement.  Discharge trichocysts to disable prey  Reproduce sexually and asexually

9. Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates Paramecium Anal pore Gullet Oral groove Trichocysts Lysosomes Food vacuoles Contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Cilia

10. Phylum Sporozoa  Nonmotile parasites  Form spores Example:-  Plasmodium vivax causes malaria  Infected female Anopheles mosquito  Cells bursts, high fever and severe chills

11. Malaria

12. Plantlike Protists  Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight.

13. Gullet Chloroplast NucleusEyespotFlagella Carbohydrate storage bodies Pellicle Contractile vacuole Euglenophytes: Euglena Unicellular Moves by flagella Heterotrophic or autotrophic LABEL IN YOUR NOTES!

14. Diatoms  Produce cell walls rich in silica (Si – the main ingredient in glass)

15. Dinoflagellates  Half are photosynthetic and the other half are heterotrophic.  Warm surface waters cause “blooms”  Red tide can paralyze humans  Many have luminescence

16. Plant like Protists - Algae  Live in water and photosynthesize (produce much of the earth’s oxygen)  Named for the type of chlorophyll and accessory pigments they contain - Green, golden brown, brown, and red  Produce food that maintain communities in oceans and fresh water  Alternation of Generations Many algae switch back and forth between the diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle

17. Red, Brown, and Green Algae Red Algae:- live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting light energy. contain chlorophyll a and reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins. Reflect red light. Important for coral reefs

18. Red, Brown, and Green Algae Brown algae:- contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin. Giant kelp: largest known algae

19. Red, Brown, and Green Algae Green Algae:- share many characteristics with plants, including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition. Uni- or multi-cellular Colonial

20. Unicellular Green Algae Chlamydomonas  Chlamydomonas Colonial Green Algae Volvox Filamentous Green Algae Spirogira Multicellular Green Algae

21. Fungus like Protist  Lack chlorophyll  Decomposers: absorb dead and decaying organic matter  Not classified as true fungi as they do not contain chitin their cell walls. Examples:- 1)Slime molds are fungus like protists that play key roles in recycling organic material 2)Water molds thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land.

22. Role of Protists  Serve as food in aquatic food chains.  Phytoplankton carry out more than 70% of Earth’s photosynthesis  Protozoans are predators of bacteria.  Algae (seaweed) used in food products: wrap sushi, added as thickener and flavor enhancer to milk shakes, ice cream, soups, puddings, cake frostings.  Diatoms for insulation, filters, detergents, abrasives, and polishing agents in toothpaste.