1. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Implementing WLAN MAC protocol on FPGA Projects Seminar Students:Adi Hackmon & Yaniv Biton Supervisors:Dr. Shlomo Greenberg Mr. Arnon Musayel Project Number: 371-06-12 14/06/06

2. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC using FPGA - Outline  Project Goal & Motivation  Hardware Components  Communication Protocols  Project Description  Implementation Protocol  Unit Level Design  Project Status

3. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Project Goal & Motivation  Examining the possibility of combining WLAN technology based on IEEE 802.11 in Freescale’s communication processor, by using FPGA technology design that shortens the process of hardware implementation. Motivation  Wireless LAN’s are on the verge of becoming a mainstream connectivity solution for a broad range of business customers.  Adding WLAN technology to current Communication Processor Module (CPM) is a necessary step, for implementation of wireless network applications. Project Goal

4. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC using FPGA - Outline  Project Goal & Motivation  Hardware Components  Communication Protocols  Project Description  Implementation Protocol  Unit Level Design  Project Status

5. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 PQ2 Communication Processor architecture  SoC – System on a Chip.  A 64-bit G2 core with MMUs and cache.  A communications processor module (CPM) supporting: ATM through UTOPIA interface, IEEE 802.3, Fast Ethernet, HDLC and other transparent operations  System services and memory interface. G2 PowerPC Core System Interface Unit (SIU) Communication Processor Module (CPM) Serial channels 60x Bus PCI/Local Bus

6. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)  FPGA – is an integrated circuit (IC) used for implementing digital hardware. The end user can configure the chip to realize hardware designs. 8 User Leds Configurable clocks LCD screen JTAGVirtexII I/O Ports Power Supply Reset

7. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC using FPGA - Outline  Project Goal & Motivation  Hardware Components  Communication Protocols  Project Description  Implementation Protocol  Unit Level Design  Project Status

8. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 IEEE 802.11  IEEE 802.11 refers to a family of specifications developed for wireless LAN technology.  It specifies an over the air interface between a wireless client and a base station, or between two wireless clients.  The 802.11 defines a medium access control (MAC) sublayer, MAC management protocols and services, and a number of physical layers (PHY).

9. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC Frame Types  Management frames:  Used to leave or join the network, and to move association from access point to access point  Control Frames:  RTS – Request To Send  CTS – Clear To Send  ACK – Acknowledgment  PS-Poll frames – When a mobile station wakes from a Power-Saving mode.  Data Frames:  WLAN frame structure Address 4FCS Frame Body Seq- ctl Address 2Address 1Address 3 Frame Ctrl NAV/ ID Bytes 22240-23126666

10. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005  ATM is based on transferring data in cells or packets of a fixed size- 53 Bytes.  ATM creates a fixed channel, or route, between two points whenever data transfer begins  ATM is less adaptable to sudden surges in network traffic.  The ATM supports bit rates of up to 155 Mbps. ATM Protocol Header 1 Header 2 Header 3 Header 4 User Defined Payload 1 … Payload 48 Bit 0 Bit 7 ATM Cell structure

11. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC using FPGA - Outline  Project Goal & Motivation  Hardware Components  Communication Protocols  Project Description  Implementation Protocol  Unit Level Design  Project Status

12. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Project Description Freescale PowerQuicc FPGA (MAC) WLAN PHY ATM Cells WLAN Frames  Design a controller (MAC) on the FPGA that will coordinate a WLAN PHY provided by “Intersil” with Freescale's PQ2.  Design a module on the FPGA that converts ATM cells to Wireless LAN frames and vise versa.

13. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC using FPGA - Outline  Project Goal & Motivation  Hardware Components  Communication Protocols  Project Description  Implementation Protocol  Unit Level Design  Project Status

14. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Implementation Protocol WLAN frame 48 byte of data 5 byte ATM header 53 byte ATM cell 48 byte of data  Reception: The WLAN PHY sends WLAN frames to the FPGA which cuts the frames to 48 bytes packets to build ATM cells by adding a header to each of the packets. The FPGA sends ATM cells to PQ2 which concatenates the data to form a valid WLAN frame.

15. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Implementation Protocol  Transmission: The PQ2 sends ATM cells to the FPGA which removes the header of the cells and concatenate all of the cells to build a WLAN frame for the PHY unit. WLAN frame 48 byte of data 5 byte ATM header Variable Length

16. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC using FPGA - Outline  Project Goal & Motivation  Hardware Components  Communication Protocols  Project Description  Implementation Protocol  Unit Level Design  Project Status

17. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Unit Level Block Diagram FPGA MAC TOP UTOPIA Interface PHY Interface Control Unit Rx FIFO Tx FIFO UTOPIA Signals 25 MHz PHY Signals 11 MHz

18. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005  UTOPIA Interface for ATM – implements the ATM UTOPIA communication protocol to enable transmission of ATM cells from the PQ to the WLAN PHY and reception of ATM cells from the WLAN PHY to the PQ.  8-bit data path operating up to 25Mhz.  Asynchronous FIFO – supports different InOut clocks The Tx FIFO purpose is to hold the WLAN frames the PQ wishes to send through the WLAN PHY. The Rx FIFO purpose is to hold the ATM cells received from the PHY Rx Interface for the PQ. Unit Level Block Diagram

19. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Unit Level Block Diagram  Control Unit – manages the transceiving of ATM fixed cells and variable length WLAN frames. A Timer module controls the traffic timing.  PHY Interface – implements the communication protocol between the FPGA and the WLAN PHY to enable transmission of wireless LAN frames from the FPGA to the WLAN PHY and reception of wireless LAN frames from WLAN PHY to FPGA.

20. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 802.11 MAC using FPGA - Outline  Project Goal & Motivation  Hardware Components  Communication Protocols  Project Description  Implementation Protocol  Unit Level Design  Project Status

21. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Project status  Assembling the Hardware:  Connecting the boards and studying their features.  Learning the interface and software required for implementation.  FPGA Design Process:  Learning the communication protocols: ATM, WLAN 802.11  Designing the Blocks: Tx phase and Rx phase.  Writing Verilog code: for the FPGA  Verification: testing the logic performance.  PQ2 microcode:  Writing a test for receiving & transmitting WLAN frames through ATM cells  Integration:  The completion of the project will be a presentation of Freescale's CPM communicating through the Wireless Medium.

22. Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005 Questions?? Adi Hackmon & Yaniv Biton Project Number: 371-06-12 14/06/06