2. Sharks of South Carolina Waters Information obtained from: Daniel C. Abel dabel@coastal.edu SC Science Council 2006 Fall Conference Myrtle Beach

3. Recommended Reading

4. Sharks in Fine Art Copley’s Watson and the Shark Homer’s Gulf Stream

5. Sharks in Music Mack the Knife Performed by Louis Armstrong Oh, the shark has pretty teeth, dear, And he shows them a pearly white. Just a jack-knife has Mack he, dear, And he keeps it out of sight. When the shark bites with his teeth, dear; Scarlet billows start to spread…

6. Sharks in Literature He was a very big Mako shark, built to swim as fast as the fastest fish in the sea and everything about him was beautiful except his jaws. His back was as blue as a swordfish's and his belly was silver and his hide was smooth and handsome. He was built as a swordfish except for his huge jaws, which were tight shut now as he swam fast, just under the surface with his high dorsal fin knifing through the water without wavering. …This was a fish built to feed on all the fishes in the sea, that were so fast and strong and well armed that they had no other enemy. Now he speeded up as he smelled the fresher scent and his blue dorsal fin cut the water

7. Sharks in the Movies

8. Sharks in Magazines

9. Sharks in Tabloids

10. Sharks and Cancer Source: http://www.sri.com/biosciences/pdf/Eva_Comp_Angiogenesis.pdf

11. Internet Hoaxes

12. The Composite Image The Original Photographs Reference: http://www.secretcrypt.com/monthly/fun/aug02/shark.htm

13. “You are more likely to be struck by lighting than to be attacked by a shark 1.” from a CCU term paper 1 The student is basically correct. Lighting (falling fixtures, glare, electrocution) kills more people annually than sharks do. Light Fixture Kills Motorist -- Indiana Star 1/3/2002

14. Skeleton is Composed of Cartilage Skeleton of a shark Skeleton of a bony fish

15. Shark have 5 - 7 gill slits

16. A caudal fin with an expanded upper lobe

17. Thresher Sharks

18. Sharks Use Internal Fertilization Claspers

19. Spiral valve intestine http://na.nefsc.noaa.gov/sharks/photos/15a.jpg http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ftp/BIODIDAC/Zoo/Vertebra/PHOTO/Squa168p.gif

20. Shark Senses http://www.seaworld.com.au/preview/db_images/paratext/Shark_Booklet_3.pdf#search='shark%20olfaction'

21. What Threatens Shark Populations? Commercial fisheries: targeted and bycatch http://www.hawaii.edu/HIMB/sharklab/research/nick/conservation.htm Photos Courtesy of Greenpeace

22. http://www.afma.gov.au/education/gallery/illegal/fins2.jpg http://www.wantphoto.com/portfolio/nature/images/100679_09.jpg

23. Additional Threats Recreational/sport fishing

24. Sharks Are Extremely Vulnerable Because They: ~Are Slow Growing ~Mature Late in Life ~Produce Relatively Small Litters ~Have a Long Reproductive Cycle ~Often Have Specific Mating and Nursery Areas ~Are Highly Migratory

25. IUCN (World Conservation Union) RED LIST (2004) 37 species (sharks and rays) in the Vulnerable category, 19 in Endangered and 9 in Critically Endangered. Among those of particular concern are the basking shark and sawfishes. http://plusinfo.jeonju.ac.kr/photos/Animals/Basking%20Shark.jpg Sawfish photos by Grant Johnson

26. What We Catch Atlantic Sharpnose (adults, sub-adults, YOY, and neonates) Sandbar (adults, sub-adults, YOY) Finetooth (adults, sub-adults, YOY, and neonates) Blacktip (adults) Bonnethead (adults) Lemon (adults and sub-adults) Nurse (adults and sub-adults) Bull (adults) Scalloped Hammerhead (YOY) Spiny Dogfish (adult) Spinner (adult) Smooth Dogfish (adult)

27. Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) Max Size = 121 cm TL (about 4 feet) Maturity = 80 cm TL (~ 2.5 ft) illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/atlanticsharpnose.html Key Features: Smoothback White Spots Long snout Long labial furrows

28. Sandbar Shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) Max TL= 240 cm (~ 8 ft) Mature from 130- 180 cm TL (~ 4 – 6 ft) illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/sandbarshark.html

29. Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) Max TL=255 cm (~ 8.5 ft) Mature from 120- 190 cm TL (~ 4 – 6 ft) illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/blacktipshark.html

30. Blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus) Photo by Grant Johnson

31. Finetooth (Carcharhinus isodon) Max =152 cm (~ 5 ft) Maturity =129 cm (~ 4 ft) illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/finetoothshark.html

32. Bonnethead (Sphryna tiburo) Max Size = 110 cm (~ 3.5 ft) Size at Maturity = 75 cm (~ 2.5 ft) illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/bonnethead.html

33. Lemon Sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) Max. Size = 340 cm (11’) Size at Maturity = 230 (7.5’) http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/lemonshark.html illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World

34. Nurse Sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/nurseshark.html illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World

35. Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/scallopedhammerhead.html illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World

36. Bull Sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/sharkkey/bullshark.html illustration courtesy FAO Species Catalog - Sharks of the World