2. The Africa / China Connection: Ivory, CITES and more Crawford Allan, Regional Director TRAFFIC North America © Crawford Allan TRAFFIC

3. TRAFFIC Mission: 2 To ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature © Crawford Allan / TRAFFIC

4. Africa: Wildlife Shopping Mall What next? – Snakes – Frogs Ornament – Elephant ivory – Leopard skin – Corals – Hippo ivory Medicine – Rhino horn – Lion bone – Turtles & tortoises – Pangolin – Seahorses Food – Turtles & tortoises – Pangolin – Sea cucumbers – Abalone – Shark Fin ¥

5. Turtle Trade to China © TRAFFIC East Asia

6. 5 How CITES Works Establishes the international : legal framework legal framework & procedural mechanisms procedural mechanisms For prevention of international commercial trade in endangered species, & for effective regulation of international trade in others Has teeth and influence!

7. 6 Levels of Protection / Control Species subject to CITES regulation in 3 Appendices: – Appendix I species threatened with extinction – trade ban – Appendix II trade controlled to avoid species becoming threatened Includes look-alike species – Appendix III country seeks support to protect indigenous species

8. 7 CITES COPs Conference of the Parties- only body that can decide on Appendices I & II Only Parties propose amendments to Appendices Amending Appendices requires two-thirds majority of voting Parties

9. Rhinos – New Resolution / Decision Elephants –ivory sales Zambia / Tanzania & 20 yr moratorium Sharks / Atlantic Bluefin Tuna / Red & Pink Corals CITES COP15 Doha, Qatar Influence of Arab League as a voting bloc

10. Rhino horn trafficking Africa to Asia

11. ETIS Trends in illegal trade in elephant products 1992-2010 2009 CITES one-off ivory sales Low pointHigh point 1992

12. Illegal ivory trade hotspots

13. Resolution 10.10 (Rev. CoP14) requires: the introduction of a omprehensive and demonstrably effective reporting and enforcement system for worked ivory; Kinshasha May 2007 Craft Cooperatives Kinshasa, DRC 2007 © TRAFFIC / Lagrot

14. 25 November 2009, Addis Ababa, 28 rangers, 110 policemen, 7 wildlife experts, 10 drivers & 10 vehicles used in simultaneous raid on 115 shops, seizing ivory products

15. Xray of 4t Ivory Concealed in Sea Container Hong Kong Customs

16. 09 May 2006 Hong Kong Hong Kong Customs Organized Crime

17. Large-Scale Ivory Seizures Better planning, organization and intelligenceBetter planning, organization and intelligence Greater levels of finance Investment in facilities and equipment for storage and shipping purposesInvestment in facilities and equipment for storage and shipping purposes Ability to exploit trading links and networks between source countries in Africa and end-use markets in Asia Likelihood of higher levels of corruption, collusion between private sector and government regulatory agenciesLikelihood of higher levels of corruption, collusion between private sector and government regulatory agencies = The Emergence of Organized Crime Operations

18. Ivory Internet Trade China

19. © TRAFFIC / Milliken China Legal Ivory Market Regulation & Certification

20. Thank You crawford.allan@wwfus.org