1. Business Functions and Organisation

2. Business Functions  Human Resources  Sales and Marketing  Research and Development  Production/Operations  Customer Service  Finance and Accounts  Administration and IT

3. Human Resources  Recruitment and Retention Job descriptions Job descriptions Person Specifications Person Specifications  Dismissal  Redundancy  Motivation  Professional Development and Training  Health and safety and conditions at work  Liaison with Trade Unions

4. Sales and Marketing  Market research  Promotion strategies  Pricing strategies  Sales strategies  The sales team  Product – advice on new product development, product improvement, extension strategies, target markets

5. Research and Development  New product development  Product improvements  Competitive advantage  Value added  Product testing  Efficiency gains  Cost savings

6. Finance and Accounts  Cash Flow Monitoring income/revenue Monitoring income/revenue Monitoring expenditure Monitoring expenditure  Preparing accounts  Raising finance Shares Shares Loans Loans  Links with all other functional areas

7. Production/Operations  Acquiring resources  Planning output – labour, capital, land  Monitoring costs  Projections on future output  Production methods Batch Batch Flow Flow Job Job Cell Cell  Efficiency

8. Customer Service  Monitoring distribution  After-sales service  Handling consumer enquiries  Offering advice to consumers  Dealing with customer complaints  Publicity and public relations

9. Administration and IT  Managing estates – cleaning, health and safety, maintenance, security  Reception  Clerical work – reporting, recording, record keeping, communication  Overview of quality control  Use of IT systems

10. Business Organisation  Span of control – the number of people a superior is responsible for  Chain of Command – the relationship between different levels of authority in the business  Hierarchy – shows the line management in the business and who has specific responsibilities

11. Organisation Charts Hierarchical Structure Managing Director Sales Director Marketing Director Finance Director ABCD Market Research Strategy Purchasing Manager Sales Manager Accounts Manager

12. Organisation Charts MD Senior Managemen t Middle Management Workers Pyramidal Structure