1. Physical Therapy

2. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2 What Is Physical Therapy  Assists with ambulation –Canes –Crutches –Walkers –Gait training  Restorative care –ROM exercises  Wound care healing

3. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.3 Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises  Purposes of ROM –Restorative care  Problems caused by lack of movement and activity –Contractures –Muscle and joint function –Circulatory impairment –Mineral loss –Other problems

4. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.4 Types of ROM  Active ROM  Active assistive ROM  Passive ROM  Resistive ROM

5. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.5 Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises (continued)  Proper terms for movement of each joint  Principles to observe while performing ROM  Basic principles for performing ROM

6. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.6 Transfer (Gait) Belts,  Patients may require aids, or assistive devices, for ambulation  Type used depends on injury and patient’s condition

7. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.7 Ambulating with Crutches, Walkers, & Canes  Certain points must be observed when a patient uses crutches, canes, a walker, or a transfer belt  All assistive devices must be in measured specifically for the patient  All devices must be check for defects each time before use

8. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.8 Transfer (Gait) Belts,  Remain alert at all times while ambulating  Transfer (gait) belt  If the person has a weaker side, always ambulate with the person with you on the weaker side  Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a transfer belt

9. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.9 Crutches  Crutches –Type depends on the person  Basic principles for ambulating a patient with crutches –Different crutch gaits –Getting up and down stairs

10. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.10 Canes or Walkers  Cane and walkers –Several types –Single leg or tripod –Walkers with and without wheels  Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a cane –You walk on the weaker side of the person

11. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.11 Summary  Always check ambulation aids before using  Make sure aid is properly fitted to patient  Use gait taught by therapist  Be alert to patient safety at all times

12. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.12 Supportive devices Cast Splints Traction Prosthetic devices

13. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.13 Pathology Part 2 Types of fractures ComplexIncompleteComminutedGreenstick Simple (closed)Compound (open)Colles’Impacted

14. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.14 Administering Heat/Cold Applications  Cold applications – cryotherapy  Heat applications – thermotherapy  Effect of heat and cold applications on blood vessels  Doctor’s order is required for a heat or cold application

15. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.15 Administering Heat/Cold Applications (continued)  Checkpoints while application in place  Standard precautions  Basic principles for applying an ice bag or ice collar  Basic principles for applying a warm-water bag

16. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.16 Administering Heat/Cold Applications (continued)  Basic principles for applying an aquamatic pad  Basic principles for applying a moist compress  Basic principles for administering a sitz bath

17. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.17 Summary  Doctor’s order required for all heat or cold applications  Follow correct procedures to prevent injury to patient  Check patient and condition of skin frequently