1. PREPARING FOR THE US MIDTERM January 11, 2012 Understanding 9 key themes TEST DAY: FRIDAY JAN18 at 8am 50 multiple choice, 8 document based questions, one document based essay

2. Theme1: WE ARE ALWAYS MOVING WEST Controversy grows over expansion of slavery Idea of Manifest Destiny leads to Mexican War Kansas-Nebraska Act and ideas of popular sovereinty leads to Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott case uses idea of judicial review to declare Missouri Compromise line unconstitutional

3. THEME 2:GEOGRAPHY George Washington, Farewell Address, saw original 13 colonies as weak and wanted us free involvement in foreign wars Monroe Doctrine (1823) wants to prevent European colonization in the Caribbean. He says American continent have a free and independent condition Every time a new territory like Maine, Missouri, California, Kansas,or Nebraska wants to become a state there is a battle on the issue of extending slavery As the Nation grows into 3 sections: North, South and West sectional differences develop because each regionhas varied economic conditions Lincoln opposed the SPREAD of Slavery into the territories, His election in 1860 is a direct cause for the South to secede.

4. Theme 3: Gradual steps in Democratic practices in government Virginia- The House of Burgesses Connecticut- Fundamental Orders Massachusetts- Mayflower Compact New York- Peter Zenger Trial 13 colonies were not unified n heart and mind. Patriots v Loyalists Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union(1754) was proposed but not accepted Protest on taxation eventually lead to independence Gradual idea that people can abolish a government if it violates natural rights In “spoils sysytem” Politicians reward their friends with government jobs Horace Mann- school reform– a way to assimilate immigrants into society Expansion of women’s rights not till Seneca Falls 1848 After Civil War Abolition of Slavery 13 th Amendment Even then, stpes needed to overcome Black Codes

5. Theme 4: NO ONE LIKES TAXES Salutary Neglect French and Indian War Bankruptcy– England begins imposing new taxes Resuming Mercantile Laws Stamp Act Congress- no taxation without Representation!!! THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS– increasing cost of imported goods would ruin Southern plantation agriculture

6. Theme 5 Everyone is influenced by someone else Jefferson influenced by Locke– Founding Fathers influenced by Montesquieu. Spirit of Laws who described separation of powers Jackson influenced by Native Americans Lincoln influenced by farms and boats King influenced by Henry David Thoreau

7. Theme 6: CONVINCING PEOPLE TO SUPPORT A CAUSE IS CRITICAL Commitees of Correspondence- Thomas Paine- Common Sense Alexander Hamilton--Federalist Papers-- checks and balances will keep us from a tyrannical government Harriett Beecher Stowe –Uncle Tom’sCabin Liberator, Newspaper of Wuilliamlloyd Garrison

8. THEME 7: POWER MUST BE SHARED people directly vote for House of Representatives The House of Representatives voted for the Senate Bill of Rights added because Anti-Federalists feared concentration of power in National government SMALL STATE PLAN- NJ PLAN FEDERALISM= limited government = power is divided between national and state governments SEPARATION OF POWERS

9. THEME 8: THERE IS A GROWING SENSE OF INTERDEPENDENCE Popular sovereignty State sovereignty National sovereignty Albany Plan of Union– 1754 Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention Sectionalism Nationalism

10. Theme 9: TWO GOVERNMENTS Articles of Confederation lacked power to regulate interstate commerce Only provided 2 branches of govt Executive branch too weak Did provide a Political system for western territories States hold all the power Constitution 3 branches (Marbury v Madison will establish judicial review =laws to be called unconstitutional small states get equal representation in the Senate Begins with words, “We the people. “

11. THEME 10:TWO KEY LEADERS Hamilton’s Vision a protective tariff will encourage growth of manufacturing Providing a system for paying the nation’s debt will establish the credit of the nation The elastic clause allows for a National Bank Lincoln’s Vision Opposed extension of slavery Supremacy of federal authority over state authority Saw abolitionists in South and Copperheads in North and saw government as union of people, not states Suspended Habeas Corpus

12. THEME 11:RECONSTRUCTION Picking up the pieces A dispute about separation of powers Radical Republicans want punishment Lincoln and Johnson want South to reeneter the nation quickly The impeachment The role of the military in Reconstruction The Compromise of 1877

13. THEME12 : THE ESSAY Answer Short Answer Questions in Blue Booklet. Write the number of document. Use sentence format. Example: What are the qualifications for being President? According to Document 1 the qualifications for being President are …..

14. DO NOT USE “I.” Use hook sentence. Use sentences to describe or define topic. Use a thesis sentence. Example: “The Difficulty of unifyig America after the Civil War revolved around the political battle between two plans of Reconstruction and racism.

15. Specifically cite the documents. Use all the documents Use outside information and underline it.