1. Reform at the Local, State, and National Level Goal 7

2. 2  Municipal Reform  State political reform

3. 3 WHY WERE CITIES SO CORRUPT? CITIES GREW SO FAST, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS COULD NOT HANDLE IT IMMIGRANTS FROM SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPE HAD NO KNOWLEDGE OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY AND WERE EASY PREY FOR BOSSES BUSINESSMEN WERE CLOSELY LINKED WITH BOSSES MAKING CORRUPTION HARD TO FIGHT

4. 4 PROGRESSIVE REFORMS ON THE STATE LEVEL ROBERT La FOLLETTE AND THE WISCONSIN IDEA

5. 5 MAJOR REFORMS AT THE STATE LEVEL } SECRET BALLOT: NO ONE CAN KNOW HOW A CITIZEN VOTED } INITIATIVE: THIS ALLOWED THE VOTING PUBLIC TO PETITION STATE GOVERNMENTS TO CONSIDER BILLS WANTED BY THE PEOPLE } REFERENDUM: GAVE THE VOTERS THE RIGHT TO DECIDE IF A PROPOSED STATE LAW SHOULD BE PASSED } RECALL: VOTERS HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMOVE ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES FROM OFFICE } DIRECT PRIMARY: CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE ARE CHOSEN BY THE VOTERS INSTEAD OF POLITICIANS OR BOSSES

6. Progressive Presidents Teddy Roosevelt (TR)William Howard TaftWoodrow Wilson

7. Teddy Roosevelt: “ Speak softly but carry a big stick” Square Deal (3 C’s) ▫Regulation of Corporations ▫Consumer protection ▫Conservation of natural resources

8. T.R.’s Presidency The “modern President” – very active in the public eye (steward of the people) – “Square Deal” ▫Used popularity & publicity to get his programs advanced “Bully Pulpit” – used office of President to influence media and legislation to protect public Trustbusting ▫Teddy wanted to stop harmful trusts (not all trusts) ▫US v. Northern Securities, 1904 ▫44 antitrust lawsuits filed under Roosevelt 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike ▫Government intervened to stop strike (arbitration) Railroad regulation ▫Mann Elkins Act (no rebates) & Hepburn Act (free railroad passes) Conservation ▫Set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves ▫Also started wildlife sactuaries

10. Election of 1908 and William Taft Taft (R) vs. William Jennings Bryan (D) ▫Taft Wins, Bryan loses for the 3 rd time in 12 years! Not as outgoing as Roosevelt; not in the public eye as much Busted more trusts (90) than Roosevelt, but not given credit Signed Payne-Aldrich Tariff; high tariff ▫Republican party splits ▫Progressive party forms with Roosevelt as main candidate (Bull-Moose party) Splitting the Republican vote allows the Democrats and Woodrow Wilson to win the 1912 Election ▫Wilson only gets 42% of the popular vote, but overwhelmingly won the electoral vote. ▫T.R. gets another victory! Takes votes away from Taft and reform is essentially voted for with the election of Wilson

12. Woodrow Wilson’s Presidency Wilson’s Progressive ideas called “New Freedom” Congress strengthens the Sherman Anti-Trust Act ▫Clayton Antitrust Act ▫Federal Trade Commission (watchdog group) Wilson focused reforms on the economy ▫16 th Amendment – Federal Income Tax ▫Federal Reserve System – national banking system Progressive Failures Biggest area of failure was in Civil Rights Segregation & unfair treatment of African Americans continues until Civil Rights movement of 1950s & 1960s

13. Booker T Washington W.E. B. Dubois