1. Chapter 34

2. Introduction How Rome Grew
Expansion spread for 500 years: 509 B.C.E.- 14 C.E.
Height: most of Europe, North Africa, Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor
Slow growth, numerous wars
Rome as a republic ends in 14 C.E.

3. Four Periods of Roman Expansion
1st
B.C.E.
Rome becomes a republic
Protect borders, gain land
2nd
B.C.E.
Punic Wars against Carthage
Gained new territory/land
3rd
B.C.E.
Controlled the entire Mediterranean area
Civil wars tore republic apart
4th
43 B.C.E.- 14 C.E.
Start of the empire
Gained more land/territory

4. BREAK! ( Think, Pair, Share )
Put your pencil down and think for 30 seconds about the following question: What period of expansion do you think will be the most important to Roman expansion? Why? When told to do so, pair up with the person next to you and share your answers. ( 30 seconds each) When done, write your answer on the white board and raise in the air until Miss Bennett says you can move on

5. Rome: First Period of Expansion
200 years of constant warfare
Rome conquers Italian Peninsula
B.C.E
509 B.C.E ---last Etruscan king overthrown
493 B.C.E --- Signed treaty with Latin neighbors
Joined together as allies against enemies
Roman soldiers in phalanx formation

6. Rome: First Period of Expansion ( cont.)
Next 100 years: war against Etruscans and various tribes
390 B.C.E.– Gauls attacked
Burned most of Rome down
Romans rebuilt city, army
By 275 B.C.E. Rome had conquered Italian Peninsula
Results of expansion
Two centuries of war
Large, permanent army
Romans forced to serve ( mostly plebeians)
Some defeated cities could become Roman citizens
All Roman allies= pay Roman taxes and supply Roman army
264 B.C.E. Rome had more citizens and trained soldiers than anywhere in Mediterranean

7. EXIT TICKET
On a separate piece of paper, please write your name and answer the following question in complete sentences:
How did the Romans conquer the Italian peninsula? Describe the process. 
When you are finished, turn your slip in the basket and go back to your seat.

8. Rome: Second Period of Expansion
264 B.C.E- 146 B.C.E.
Punic Wars: wars fought between Rome and Carthage
First Punic War 264 B.C.E.
Mostly at sea (trade)
Romans copied Carthage ships
Romans won in 241 B.C.E.
Second Punic War 218 B.C.E.
Hannibal marched into Italy
202 B.C.E. Hannibal returned to Carthage, lost in battle
Carthage gave Spain, money to Rome
Illustration of Hannibal’s army crossing the Alps

9. Rome: Second Period of Expansion (cont.)
50 years of peace
Senator Cato changed this
Third Punic War 146 B.C.E.
Romans burned Carthage
Results of the Punic Wars
Rome controlled North Africa, Spain, Macedonia, and Greece
Huge loss of life
Farms neglected
Greek ideas began to once again spread into Rome
Map of Roman Expansion

10. BREAK! ( Think, Pair, Share )
Put your pencil down and think for 30 seconds about the following question: How did the Punic Wars affect the Roman empire? Describe both the positive and negative affects. When told to do so, pair up with the person next to you and share your answers. ( 30 seconds each) When done, write your answer on the white board and raise in the air until Miss Bennett says you can move on

11. Rome: Third Period of Expansion
145 B.C.E. – 44 B.C.E.
Final years of the Republic
91 B.C.E. Roman allies rebel
All free Italians become Roman citizens
Slave revolts
Spartacus led revolt in 73 B.C.E.
Romans killed Spartacus, hung thousands of rebels on crosses
Lack of jobs for farmers and laborers
Roman armies producing famous leaders
80s B.C.E. Civil war killed 200,000 Romans
40s B..C.E. Civil war broke out between Pompey and Julius Caesar (Roman generals)
Look at map on page 331
Pompey had control of Eastern lands, Caesar conquered Gaul
49 B.C.E. Pompey was in Rome
Senate forbade Caesar from crossing the Rubicon with his army

12. Rome: Third Period of Expansion (cont.)
January 11th, 49 B.C.E Caesar disobeyed Senate and crossed the Rubicon River
After three years of fighting, Caesar defeated Pompey
Senate named Caesar dictator for life
Rome as a Republic was done
Caesar as a dictator
Many reforms
Free gladiator contests
New calendar ( still used today)
New colonies, granted citizenship
March 15, 44 B.C.E. Caesar was stabbed to death as he entered Senate

13. Rome: Fourth Period of Expansion
44 B.C.E. – 14 C.E.
Series of civil war after Caesar’s death ( 10 years)
Octavian emerged as absolute ruler of Rome
Octavian defeated Marc Antony and Queen Cleopatra 31 B.C.E.
Chased them to Egypt where they committed suicide
Emerged as sole ruler of Mediterranean region
Octavian said he was restoring the Senate (still had complete control)
Senate renamed him Augustus
Known as first Roman emperor
Augustus encouraged art, literature, education
Repaired buildings
Police, firefighters, library
Ruled over 50 million people
Improved trade routes
Single system of currency

14. Rome: Fourth Period of Expansion (cont.)
Results of Roman expansion
Established private army: Praetorian Guard (meant to protect emperor)
New laws to protect morals
Mediterranean world at peace for 200 years: Pax Romana
Emperors continued to expand and add to Roman territory
Statue of Augustus, “Augustus of Prima Porta”

15. Review
Rome grew from a Republic to an empire in the years 509 B.C.E C.E.
Four main periods of expansion
509 B.C.E B.C.E. ( Italian Peninsula)
264 B.C.E. – 146 B.C.E. ( Punic Wars )
145 B.C.E. – 44 B.C.E. ( Final Years of Republic)
44 B.C.E.- 14 C.E. ( Rome as an Empire)
Roman empire lasted over 500 years