1. At the Bell…  Read Concept 8.1  Answer Concept Check questions 2 & 3

2. At the Bell…  Read Concept 8.2  Answer Concept Check questions 1, 3 & 4  What laboratory technique can help us observe the pigments in a leaf?

3. At the Bell…  Read Concept 8.3  Answer Concept Check questions 1 & 2  Why is the process of photosynthesis so important in an ecosystem?

4. At the Bell…  Read Concept 8.4  Define Carbon Cycle & Greenhouse Effect  Answer Concept Check #2

5. Pair and Share  Do all plants do photosynthesis?  Explain  Do all plant cells have chloroplasts?  Explain

6. Review  P 174-175  Answer # 7, 16, & 20

7. Seedlings in a Jar Imagine you have a sealed jar containing five bean seeds, air, and a moist paper towel. Nothing can get in or out of the jar. The total mass of the jar and its contents is 500 grams. Imagine the same jar with its contents 12 days later. During that time the jar remained sealed. Nothing could get in or out of the jar. The seed have germinated to form 6-centimeter seedlings. The total mass of the jar and its contents after the 12 days is recorded. Choose the statement that is the best comparison of the total mass of the jar and its contents before and after the seeds sprouted to form seedlings. A The total mass of the original jar with seeds will be more than the total mass of the jar with the seedlings. B The total mass of the original jar with seeds will be less that the total mass of the jar with the seedlings. C There will be no change in the total mass of the jar with seedlings after 12 days.

8. Plants in the Dark and Light  Four friends wondered how light affected the growth of plants. They decided to test their ideas using young bean plants. One set of plants was put in a dark closet for eight days. The other set was put on a shelf near a sunny window for eight days. The friends then measured the height of the plants after eight days. This is what they predicted:  Carl: “I think the plants in the dark closet will be the tallest.”  Kari: “I think the plants by the window will be the tallest.”  Jasmine: “I think the plants will be about the same height.”  Drew: “I think the plants in the closet will stop growing and die.” Which friend do you agree with and why? Explain your thinking.

9. Is it a Plant???  Fern  Vine  Mold  Onion  Cactus  Grass  Bacteria  Dandelion  Moss  Tomato  Mushroom  Carrot  Peanut  Algae  Each of the things listed on the left, can be found living and growing in its environment.  Decide whether the things on the left are a plant or not.  Explain your thinking. Describe your “rule” or reasoning you used to decide if something is a plant.

10. Photosynthesis:

11. Photosynthesis Objectives:  Describe the TWO stages of photosynthesis  Light-dependent and Light-independent  Be able to write out the equation for photosynthesis. Be able to list the PRODUCTS and REACTANTS of photosynthesis. CO 2 + H 2 O + Sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight  Glucose + Oxygen

12. Photosynthesis Objectives:  Know what Light-DEPENDENT means and which stage of photosynthesis is Light-dependent?  Know what Light-INDEPENDENT means and which stage of photosynthesis is Light- independent?  Know WHERE in the cell each stage of Photosynthesis takes place.

13. I. Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis: (Look familiar?) CO 2 + H 2 O + Sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + Sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight  Glucose + Oxygen It is the opposite of Cellular Respiration!

14. II. PURPOSE of Photosynthesis:  The process by which PLANTS and other PRODUCERS convert the ENERGY of the SUN into CHEMICAL ENERGY stored in ORGANIC MOLECULES.

15. III. WHERE Photosynthesis takes place:  The STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLASTS. Chloroplasts contain chemical compounds called CHLOROPHYLLS. Chlorophylls give plants their GREEN color. Any part of a plant that is GREEN can carry out PHOTOSYNTHESIS, but most often photosynthesis occurs mainly in the LEAVES.

16. III. WHERE Photosynthesis takes place:  The STRUCTURE of the CHLOROPLAST is important in the process of photosynthesis. Just like mitochondria, CHLOROPLASTS have an INNER and OUTER MEMEBRANE.

17. III. WHERE Photosynthesis takes place:  The inner membrane encloses a thick FLUID called STROMA. Suspended in the STROMA are DISK-shaped sacs called THYLAKOIDS.

18. III. WHERE Photosynthesis takes place:  Each thylakoid has a membrane surrounding an INTERIOR SPACE. The THYLAKOIDS are arranged in stacks called GRANA. Some of photosynthesis takes place in the THYLAKOIDS while other parts take place in the STROMA.

19. IV. Overview of Photosynthesis:  In CELLULAR RESPIRATION, ELECTRONS “fall” through the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. The OPPOSITE occurs in photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, ELECTRONS are “BOOSTED UP” by the energy from SUNLIGHT. The CHLOROPLASTS then use these “excited” electrons to create SUGAR molecules out of CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER.

20. V. Photosynthesis has two major stages  THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS and THE CALVIN CYCLE, OR LIGHT- INDEPENDENT REACTIONS. Calvin Cycle

21. a. The Light-Dependent Reactions:  The purpose of the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS (LDR) is to convert the ENERGY IN SUNLIGHT into CHEMICAL ENERGY.

22. a. The Light-Dependent Reactions:  In the LDRs, CHLOROPHYLL MOLECULES first capture light from the sun. Then chlorophyll used the captured energy to PRODUCE ATP and REMOVE ELECTRONS FROM WATER.  When this happens, water is broken down into HYDROGEN IONS and OXYGEN. The oxygen is RELEASED AS A “WASTE PRODUCT” and the hydrogen ions are transferred to NADPH (kind of like NADH in CELLULAR RESPIRATION) What do you think NADPH does?

23. a. The Light-Dependent Reactions:  The final products of the LDRs are the two ENERGY-RICH molecules: NADPH and ATP. These PRODUCTS are then transferred to the CALVIN CYCLE, or the LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS.

24. i. How The LIGHT REACTIONS Work:  The Light Reactions capture LIGHT ENERGY and convert it into the CHEMICAL ENERGY of ATP and NADPH. Light from the sun is captured in PHOTOSYSTEMS. Each PHOTOSYSTEM CONTAINS CHLOROPHYLL MOLECULES.

25.  The process of photosynthesis has TWO PHOTOSYSTEMS with an ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN in between them. The light reactions produce no SUGAR.

26. 1. PHOTOSYSTEM 1:  Photosystem 1 is also called the “WATER SPLITTING PHOTOSYSTEM” because it splits water. This releases ELECTRONS, HYDROGEN IONS, and OXYGEN. The electrons go to the ETC. The hydrogen ions are used to produce ATP. The OXYGEN is released as a “WASTE PRODUCT.” Why is Photosystem 1 important to you?

27. 2. PHOTOSYSTEM 2:  Photosystem 2 is also called “NADPH-producing Photosystem” because it PRODUCES NADPH. NADPH, which carries ELECTRONS, is then sent to be used in the CALVIN CYCLE.

28. Light Reactions: Photosystem 1 & 2

29. THE CALVIN CYCLE (a.k.a. The LIGHT- INDEPENDENT REACTIONS):  The Calvin Cycle takes place in the STROMA and does not require any LIGHT ENERGY from the sun. It can continue to run even if it is DARK. The Calvin Cycle relies upon the SUN indirectly though. It needs the products from the LIGHT- DEPENDENT REACTIONS (ATP and NADPH) to work.

30.  The PURPOSE of the CALVIN CYCLE: To PRODUCE SUGAR (a CARBOHYDRATE, that will be turned into GLUCOSE) from CARBON DIOXIDE and NADPH. Where does the Calvin Cycle get its CARBON?

31. At the Bell…  Finish the last page of your Guided Reading packet