1. Introduction And Thermal Power Plant
(Steam power Plant)

2. INTRODUCTION India is one of the world’s largest consumer of energy
Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear.
Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.
Installed capacity – 1,61,352MW
Thermal = MW
Nuclear = 4,120MW
Hydro = MW
RES = MW
Annual power production – 680 billion KWH
Per capita means how much a person receives. India’s population is 1.17 billion as of July’09.
Total Production = 1,49,390MW

3. Break up of Power Thermal Power Plants – 75%
Hydro Electric Power Plants - 21%
Nuclear Power Plants - 4%
Installed wind power Generation – 9655MW
30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in transmission and distribution

4. STRUCTURE OF POWER SYSTEM
Power system owned by state electricity boards.
Private sector utilities operate in Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad
Regional electricity boards – Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, North-eastern.
Power Grid corporation- Central.

5. Thermal Power Plants Installed Capacity – 93,392.64MW
Coal based – 77,458.88MW
Gas Based – 14,734.01MW
Oil Based – MW

6. General Layout of Thermal Power Station

7. Main Components Fuel Handling Unit Ash Handling Unit Boiler Unit
Feed Water Unit
Cooling Water Unit
Generator Unit
Turbine Unit

8. Main Circuit Fuel And Ash Circuit Air And Gas Circuit
Feed Water And Steam Circuit
Cooling Water Circuit

9. Fuel And Ash Circuit
Fuel stored and fed to the boiler through conveyor belts. Broken down into proper shape for complete burning.
Ash thus generated after burning is removed from the boiler through ash handling equipment

10. Air And Gas Circuit
Air is required for combustion of fuel and is supplied through fans
Air is passed through air preheater to extract energy from flue gases for proper burning of the fuel
Flue gases have ash and several gases which are passed through the precipitator(dust collector) and go to atmosphere through chimney.

11. Feed Water And Steam Circuit
Steam Converted to water by condenser.
Water is demineralized & hence not wasted to have better economic operation of the plant.
Some part of steam and water is lost while passing through different parts.
Boiler feed pump feeds water into the boiler drum where it is heated to form steam.
Wet steam is again heated in super heater before passing through the turbine
Steam is expanded in the turbine to run it. After which again it goes to boiler for reheating

12. Cooling Water Circuit
To condensate the steam, large quantity of cooling water is required which is taken from river or pondage
After passing through the condenser, it is fed back to the river or Pondage

13. Boiler
Flue gas – gas which comes out after burning a fuel and it contains a lot of sulphur.

14. Turbine

15. Turbine – Full View

17. Selection Of site Availability of cheap land. Availability of water.
Availability of fuel.
Possibility of future expansion of the plant.
Away from the urban areas due to pollution.
The initial cost of plant.
Magnitude and nature of load to be handled.

18. THANK U