1. International Disaster Response Stakeholders Elizabeth Kunce-Wagner, PhD

2. Objective Provide a brief review of some of the key international actors involved in disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery efforts.

3. Primacy of the State Each State has the responsibility first and foremost to take care of the victims of natural disasters and other emergencies occurring on its territory. Hence, the affected State has the primary role in the initiation, organization, coordination, and implementation of humanitarian assistance within its territory. - UN humanitarian resolution, Resolution 46/182 of 1991

4. International Response Coordination UN/ Humanitarian Country Team Multinational Coordination Center (MNCC) AFFECTED STATE NDMO + Military HuMOCC CLUSTERS Country Team Military UN agencies IOM Red Cross NGOs ASSISTING STATES Donor + Military INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

5. Regional Intergovernmental Organizations Examples Pacific Islands Forum Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Formed by a treaty between two more countries.

6. Regional Intergovernmental Organizations: PIF Pacific Islands Forum

7. Regional Intergovernmental Organization: CARICOM/CDEMA Participating States: Anguilla* Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda* Cayman Islands* Dominica Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica Montserrat St. Kitts & Nevis Saint Lucia St. Vincent & the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad & Tobago Turks & Caicos Islands* Virgin Islands* *Associate Members MANDATE: as facilitator, driver, coordinator and motivating force for the promotion and engineering of Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) in all Participating States.

8. Regional Intergovernmental Organizations: ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations Brunei Cambodia Laos Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam A political and economic organization comprised of 10 states:

9. Regional Coordinating Centers ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) Purpose: Promote regional collaboration on disasters Tools: SASOP, ERAT Launched: 2011 Location: Jakarta, Indonesia Website: www.ahacentre.org

10. Regional Coordinating Centers Regional Humanitarian Coordination Centre (RHCC) Purpose: Facilitate coordination among assisting state militaries in response to disasters Tools: Opera, MNCC teams Launched: 2014 Location: Changi Naval Base, Singapore

11. Humanitarian Principles HUMANITY NEUTRALITY IMPARTIALITY Humanitarian action must be autonomous from the political, economic, military or other objectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented. INDEPENDENCE

12. Sphere Project: Minimum Humanitarian Standards Measures of Performance Measures of Effectiveness Core Standards Four Sectors: - Water- Shelter - Food- Health www.sphereproject.org

13. Do No Harm: Darfur, Sudan Not all humanitarian aid is good aid.

14. Nongovernmental Organizations NGOs are not part of: –Any government –UN –Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters Diverse in size, structure, motive, resources, function and mission National or international; secular or faith-based Funded by grants or private donations Essential to humanitarian operations: –Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects –One of the first responders to arrive and last to leave –Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors

15. Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement Three Distinct Components: ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross (Conflict) IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Peacetime, Natural Disaster) National Societies - National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies (Both)

16. The UN System

17. Source: UN Chief Executive Board for Coordination

18. UN Agencies, Offices and Programs WHO UN World Health Organization OHCHR UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UNFPA UN Population Fund OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UNDSS UN Dept. of Safety & Security UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF UN Children’s Fund WFP UN World Food Programme UNDP UN Development Programme (RC/HC) (UNDAC team, CMCoord Officer)

19. World Food Program  Established in 1961  80+ million people food assistance in 82 countries annually  Approx. 11,400 staff (93% in field)  Logistics and food security  US$5.4 billion (2014)  Assets:  5,000 trucks  650 warehouses  70 aircraft  35 fleet workshops  20 ships  81% food procured developing countries

20. World Food Program Response Preparedness

21. UN Development Program  UNDP established in 1966 as "front-line of a global war on want.”  UNDP Administrator Helen Clark  Administrator of United Nations Development Group (UN Country Teams)  Produces Annual Human Development Report  Core focus: Sustainable development Democratic governance and peacebuilding Climate and disaster resilience  >US$5 billion annual budget  Approx. 6,400 staff (1,100 HQ)

22. UN Country Teams: Asia and the Pacific Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China DPR Korea East Timor Fiji India Indonesia Iran Lao Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Sri Lanka Thailand Vietnam

23. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) Created in 1998 out of UNDHA. Led by Emergency Relief Coordinator Mr. Stephen O’Brien Approximately 2,100 staff 50+ countries Primary Roles: –Coordination (IASC) –Advocacy –Information Management –Humanitarian Financing –Policy FY2016 budget US$309 million

24. Emergency Relief Coordinator Mr. Stephen O’Brien UN Under-Secretary-General focusing on humanitarian affairs Primary functions: –Develop and coordinate strategic humanitarian policy –Raise humanitarian issues with political organizations –Coordinate humanitarian emergency response

25. Humanitarian Country Team UN Country Team UNDP (UN Dev’t Programme) OCHA UNICEF (UN Children’s Fund) WFP (World Food Programme) WHO (World Health Org.) FAO (Food & Agriculture Org.) UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency) UNFPA (UN Population Fund) UN-Habitat & other UN specialized agencies IOM (Int’l Org. for Migration) NGO community International and national NGOs World Bank & other International financial institutions (IFIs) Red Cross & Red Crescent Movement ICRC IFRC National society Clusters Other organizations with operational relevance (OOWOR)

26. Cluster Approach The Cluster Approach is designed to provide:  Predictability, Accountability and Partnership in all response sectors  Better support for national-led response tools  Common standards and tools

27. Sector or Area of ActivityGlobal Cluster LeadSymbol Food Security UN Food and Agriculture Organization World Food Program Camp Coordination UN High Commissioner for Refugees International Organization for Migration Early Recovery UN Development Program Education UN Children’s Fund Save the Children UK Emergency Shelter UNHCR and International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Society Emergency Telecommunications UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (owns process), World Food Program (telecoms) Health World Health Organization Logistics World Food Program Nutrition UN Children’s Fund Protection UN High Commissioner for Refugees Water, Sanitation, Hygiene UN Children’s Fund Global Cluster Leads

28. The cluster leads, together with their partners, provide the following support to strengthen field response: Technical surge capacity Trained experts Increased stockpiles Standardized technical tools Agreement on common methods and formats Best practices and lessons learned

29. Humanitarian Finance Traditional Bilateral Donor Agencies Government Contributions (2014): US$18.7 billion OECD DAC donors US$16.8 billion Other govt donors US$1.9billion (majority Gulf donors) Private Contributions (2014): US$5.8 billion (Source: GHA 2014 Development Initiatives) “The world today spends around US$ 25 billion to provide life-saving assistance to 125 million people devastated by wars and natural disasters. While this amount is twelve times greater than fifteen years ago, never before has generosity been so insufficient. Over the last years conflicts and natural disasters have led to fast-growing numbers of people in need and a funding gap for humanitarian action of an estimated US$ 15 billion. This is a lot of money, but not out of reach for a world producing US$ 78 trillion of annual GDP.”- High-Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing Report to the Secretary-General, World Humanitarian Summit, Jan 2016

30. Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 456 Hornet Avenue | Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI 96860-5303 TEL: 808.472.0518 | FAX: 808.472.0382 www.cfe-dmha.org THANK YOU!

31. SPC The Pacific Community

32. Affected State Business community Contributing SPC / PIF AHA Center

33. UN System UN High Commissioner for Refugees Mandated by the UN to protect refugees. –146 countries signed the Convention and/or Protocol Protecting 20.8 million people. Focus – Prevention of refoulement 263 offices in 116 countries Staff of 6,689, including short- term Budget of US$ 1.35 billion

34. UN System:UN Children’s Fund Presence in over 140 countries. Priorities in: –Girls education; –Early childhood development; –Immunization; –Protection from violence, abuse & exploitation; –HIV/AIDS. Convention on the Rights of the Child.

35. National Disaster Management Structure Families Community First Responders County/District State/Provincial Regional National/ Federal Command and management Laws and authorities Preparedness Resource management Communication and information management Operations and procedures Exercises, evaluation, corrective action Supporting technologies Logistics, finance, admin, training Roles and responsibilities

36. UN System World Health Programme Established 1948 “Specialized Agency” under Art. 57 of the UN Charter Mission: Attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health Operations: –Health emergency relief kits –Providing medical supplies/assessments –Capacity building / training of health workers WHO