1. Virtual Machines (part 2) CPS210 Spring 2006

2. Papers  Xen and the Art of Virtualization  Paul Barham  ReVirt: Enabling Intrusion Analysis through Virtual Machine Logging and Replay  George Dunlap

3. Virtualization in the enterprise X Consolidate under-utilized servers to reduce CapEx and OpEx Avoid downtime with VM Relocation Dynamically re-balance workload to guarantee application SLAs X Enforce security policy X

4. VMware architecture Host Machine Host OS VM AppTarget OS Target App Target App Virtual Machine Monitor VM Driver Host App VMM World Host World

5. SimOS architecture Host Machine Host OS SimOS Target OS Target App Target App Host App Host App

6. SimOS memory SimOS Target OS Host Machine Host OS Target App Mem File SimDisk File SimDisk SimOS VMemory Target App SimOS code, data TargOS code, data TargApp code, data Virtual MMU

7. SimOS page fault SimOS Target OS Host Machine Host OS Target App Mem File SimDisk File SimDisk SimOS VMemory Target App Unmapped addr SimOS Fault handler TargOS Fault handler Virtual MMU

8. Generic TLB  Cache of recently used PTEs  Small – usually about 64 entries  Huge impact on performance TLB Virtual Address Physical Address or TLB Miss or Access fault

9. ring 3 x86_32 Address space Kernel User 4GB 3GB 0GB Xen S S U ring 1 ring 0

10. VMware Guest Page Tables MMU Guest OS VMM Hardware Virtual → Machine Shadow page table Update PTE

11. Para-Virtualizing the MMU  Guest OSes allocate and manage own PTs  “Hypercall” to change PT base  Xen must validate PT updates before use  Validation rules applied to each PTE: 1. Guest may only map phys. pages it owns 2. PT pages may only be mapped RO

12. Xen guest page tables MMU Guest OS VMM Hardware Virtual → Machine Update PTE 1) Validation check 2) Perform update