1. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Chapter 23 Endocrine System Drugs Part One

2. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Endocrine Drugs Endocrine system –consists of many glands that secrete hormones into the blood –when glands malfunction, they secrete either  a decreased amount of hormone: hypo-  an increased amount of hormone: hyper-

3. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Corticosteroids –Effects  Act on the immune system to Suppress the body’s response to infection or trauma Relieve inflammation Reduce swelling Suppress symptoms Adrenal Corticosteroid

4. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley

5. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Divided into –Replacement therapy when secretions of the pituitary or adrenal glands are deficient –Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties Adrenal Corticosteroid

6. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Allergic reactions: insect bites, poison plants, chemicals, or other medications –Symptoms of rash, hives, or anaphylaxis Acute flare-ups of rheumatic or collagen disorders Acute flare-ups of severe skin conditions Acute respiratory disorders Malignancies Cerebral edema Organ transplant Life threatening shock Acute flare-ups of ulcerative colitis Adrenal Corticosteroid

7. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Side effects (long use) –Delayed wound healing –Increased susceptibility to infection –Osteoporosis with fractures, especially in older women –Stunting growth in children –Endocrine disorders  Cushingoid state  Amenorrhea  Hyperglycemia –CNS effects  Insomnia  Psychosis  Anxiety Adrenal Corticosteroid

8. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Generic NameTrade Name Pituitary Drugs corticotropin (ACTH)H.P. Acthar Gel cosyntropinCortrosyn Adrenal Corticosteroids cortisone dexamethasoneDecadron fludrocortisone(Florinef) hydrocortisoneCortef or Solu-Cortef methylprednisoloneDepo-medrol or Solu-Medrol prednisone triamcinoloneKenalog

9. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley

10. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Drugs Used to Treat Thyroid Gland Dysfunction Hypothyroidism –too little thyroid hormone secreted Hyperthyroidism –Too much thyroid hormone is secreted

11. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Drugs For Hypothyroidism Thyroid gland secretes the hormones –triiodothyronine (T 3 ) –thyroxine (T 4 ) Decreased levels cause hypothyroidism Drugs supplement existing levels of T 3 and/or T 4 Obtained naturally from desiccated (dried) animal thyroid glands or manufactured synthetically

12. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Drugs For Hypothyroidism Contain on T 3 –liothyronine (Cytomel) Contain only T 4 –levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid, Levoxyl) Contain both T 3 and T 4 –dessicated thyroid (Armour Thyroid)

13. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Patient Education Take prescribed dose consistently every day. –Take on empty stomach 30-60 min prior to breakfast Reports symptoms of overdose –Palpitations, nervousness, excessive sweating, unexplained weight loss Periodic laboratory tests to determine proper dose and effectiveness Don’t change from one brand to another without physician approval

14. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Drugs For Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) –increased levels of T 3 and T 4 cause –drugs inhibit production of T 3 and T 4 in the thyroid methimazole (Tapazole) propylthiouracil (PTU)

15. Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition Susan M. Turley Patient Education Notify physician immediately of signs of illness –Chills –Fever –Rash –Sore throat –Malaise –Jaundice