1. 1 America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 11 The Civil War, (1861–1865), Part 3 2 nd U.S. Sharpshooters

2. 2 America: Pathways to the Present Section 4: Devastation and New Freedom Chapter 11: The Civil War (1861–1865), Part 2 8 th Kansas, Missionary Ridge

3. 3 Today’s Questions 11.4 1.What was General Grant’s strategy for defeating the South, and how did he and General Sherman implement it? 2.What were the issues and results of the election of 1864? 3.How was the South finally defeated on the battlefield? 4.How and why did John Wilkes Booth assassinate President Lincoln?

4. 4 Devastation and New Freedom CH 11.4

5. 5 1864 in Virginia: Grant Takes Command The Battles In an effort to exhaust the Confederates, General Grant headed toward Richmond with 115,000 troops. May & June, 1864: Union and Confederate armies clashed in 3 major battles:  The Battle of the Wilderness began on May 5, 1864, near the old Chancellorsville battlefield. The armies met in dense forest in a battle lasting two days. Grant lost, but kept going.  May 8, 1864, the Confederates caught up with the Union army near Fredericksburg at Spotsylvania Court House. The fighting that took place over nearly two weeks is called the Battle of Spotsylvania.  In early June, the armies clashed again at the Battle of Cold Harbor, just eight miles east of Richmond. More than 9,000 Yankees are shot down in less than 20 minutes. (The U.S. suffered about 6,000 casualties at D-Day in WW II in 24 hours!) CH 11.4

6. 6 1864 in Virginia: Grant Takes Command BPHS

7. 7 The Siege of Petersburg CH 11.4

8. 8 The Siege of Petersburg Unable to reach Richmond or defeat Lee’s army, Grant moved around the capital and attacked Petersburg. He knew that if he could cut off shipments of food to Richmond, the city would have to surrender. The attack on Petersburg failed, and Grant’s army suffered some 65,000 casualties. Grant then turned to the tactics of siege that he had used in Vicksburg. On June 18, 1864, Grant began the siege of Petersburg. It continued until April of 1865. During the Siege, at the Battle of the Crater, Mr. Matheney’s Great-great-grand-father, Private Joseph H. Matheney, of A Company, 6 th Virginia Infantry, C.S.A., was captured by the Yankees and died in a POW camp at Elmira, New York. CH 11.4

9. 9 Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign CH 11.4

10. 10 The Battle for Atlanta CH 11.4

11. 11 Sherman Marches to the Sea In early September, the Confederate Army of Tennessee was forced to leave Atlanta, Georgia. General Sherman vowed to “make Georgia howl.” Sherman ordered Atlanta evacuated and burned. He left the city in ruins. He led some 62,000 soldiers on a march to the sea to capture Savannah, 300 miles away. In December 1864, the Union army entered Savannah without a fight. Sherman’s message to Lincoln read: “I beg to present to you, as a Christmas present, the city of Savannah….” CH 11.4

12. 12 Sherman Marches to the Sea CH 11.4

13. 13 The Election of 1864 Abraham Lincoln Republicans changed their party name to the Union Party. Vice-President Hannibal Hamlin was dropped from the ticket. Andrew Johnson of Tennessee ran as Vice- President. Johnson was a former Democrat and a Pro-Union Southerner. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta showed the North that victory was near. In November, Lincoln won an easy victory. George B. McClellan Democrats nominated General George McClellan. McClellan was happy to oppose Lincoln, who had twice fired him. McClellan was still admired and respected by his soldiers. Lincoln feared that McClellan would find wide support among the troops. The Democratic party platform called for a negotiated end to the war. (meaning Southern independence) McClellan disavowed this idea, saying he would not so “…betray the soldiers...” CH 11.4 Lincoln Won !!!

14. 14 The Election of 1864 Lincoln Won !!!

15. 15 A New Birth of Freedom The 13 th Amendment was ratified by the states and became law in December 1865. “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Address that slavery had divided the nation, but he also laid the groundwork for peace, saying… “…With malice toward none, with charity for all, with faith in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us bind up the nation’s wounds, and care for he who shall have born the battle, and for his widow, and for his orphan.” CH 11.4

16. 16 Retreat to Appomattox, and Pursuit

17. 17 Surrender at Appomattox On April 2, 1865, Lee tried to slip around Grant’s army. He planned to unite his troops with those of General Johnston. In North Carolina. Lee hoped that together they would be able to continue the war. On April 9, 1865, Lee’s forces came to the Virginia town of Appomattox Court House. They were surrounded by a much larger Union force. Lee’s officers suggested that the army could scatter and continue to fight as guerrillas - soldiers who use surprise raids and hit-and-run tactics. Lee rejected this idea. That afternoon Generals Lee and Grant met in a private home. Lee surrendered, and the two men signed the surrender papers. CH 11.4

18. 18 Lee’s Farewell to the Army, Gen. Order # 9 After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. I need not tell the brave survivors of so many hard fought battles, who have remained steadfast to the last, that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them. But feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the loss that must have attended the continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed; and I earnestly pray that a Merciful God will extend to you His blessings and protection. With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your Country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration for myself, I bid you all an affectionate farewell. RE Lee, Genl April 10, 1865 CH 11.4

19. 19 CH 11.4 Civil War Deaths

20. 20 Lincoln Is Assassinated Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of the war. Throughout the winter of 1864–1865, a group of Southern conspirators in Washington, D.C. had plotted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for Confederate prisoners of war. After several unsuccessful attempts, their leader, John Wilkes Booth, assigned members of his group to assassinate top Union officials. On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play at Ford’s Theater. Booth was shot to death after he had fled from the theater and was found hiding in a tobacco barn. Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to travel from Washington, D.C., to his hometown of Springfield, Illinois. CH 11.4

21. 21 The End

22. 22 Lincoln’s Funeral

23. 23

24. 24 The End of the War Against Northern Tyranny and Aggression

25. 25 The Wilderness, 5-6 May 1864 Medal of Honor

26. 26 Spotsylvania Court House, 7-19 May 1864 The Bloody Angle

27. 27 Cold Harbor, 3 June 1864 9,000 Casualties in 20 Minutes

28. 28 Cold Harbor 2 Pelham’s Battery, Stuart’s Horse Artillery The Days of Swords and Roses

29. 29 Battle of Atlanta, 2 Degress’ Battery CH 11.4

30. 30 Battle of Atlanta, 3 Battle of Peachtree Creek