1. An Isrealistic soil policy The approach

2. 2 Aims of the policy  Determine action levels  Determine measures  Save  Pragmatic  Cost effective  Prevent new pollution

3. 3 Pollution

4. 4 Soil pollution Ground water pollution Effects of pollutedgroundwater soil pollution

5. 5 Risks as a consequence Soil pollution Ground water pollution Effects of pollutedgroundwater soil pollution Human risk Ecological risk Limited industrial use Human risk Ecological risk Risk of spreading Polluting storages Risk of spreading Polluting storages

6. 6 Consequences  Limits in use of land Human risk Ecological risk Polluted building materials Polluting groundwater  Limits in use of groundwater Human risk: drinking water Ecological risk Unfit for industrial use Uncontrolled spreading of pollution

7. 7 Level of risk: action levels  Human : ADI, MAC, international knowledge available  Ecological : knowledge available, specify for Israel  Specific use : specific  Spreading : knowledge available, specify for Israel  Action levels : depends on toxicity and chemical behaviour, international experience available

8. 8 Dutch risk approach Input:  Pollution  Concentration  Appearance  Transport  Land use  Exposure  Threats Risks:  Human  Environmental  Spreading Measures

9. 9 Risk calculation, evaluation, measures Function Pollution Calculate Risk (risk model) Calculate Risk (risk model) ok! Acceptable risk: ok! Unacceptable risk:measures measures Site characteristics Site characteristics

10. 10 Risk models Function Pollution Calculate Risk (risk model) Calculate Risk (risk model) ok! Acceptable risk: ok! Unacceptable risk:measures measures Site characteristics Site characteristics Several models exist Different aims Different results Several models exist Different aims Different results

11. 11 Key factors for success  Use available information, e.g.: Toxicological Risk analysis methods Chemical behaviour  Use international experiences with soil policies  Develop a comprehensible and compact policy  Use Israelian cases to test the policy  Realistic!  Don’t waste time on details  Tailor-made with standard parts

12. 12 Stepwise approach 2 months 3 months Tech.Input Pollutants Spec. Israel Experts Cases Other  Step 1: determine outline of risk method Asses available tools (USA, Europe, Industry) Determine: - Starting points, preconditions & ambition level - Determine suitability for Israel situation - Outline of the policy  Step 2: Detailed elaboration Process input, process management - Cases - Types of pollution (like fuels, heavy metals, ) - Types of sites in Israel - Et cetera Technical document ready  Step 3: Final policy

13. 13  Densely populated  Relatively small country  Housing and industrial areas at close distance  Long history of industry  Use of groundwater very important!!  International cooperation  And … DHV office in Raanana Israel Parallels between Israel and the Netherlands Aerial photo: city centre of Amsterdam

14. 14 DHV experience  Long history with soil remediation  Intense involved in Dutch soil policies  International network, also in Israel  Broad experience with risk analysis (soil, industrial safety, project risks)

15. 15 DHV References