1. Homework: Assignment 10 for tomorrow (464-470); test Friday Consider: What do you think of when you hear the word, “lobbyist”?

2. Unit 3a: AP Government and Politics

3. What are the primary ways by which interest groups impact public policy?  L#@bying..  The dirty word in politics – why?  Potential for Corruption?  Jack Abramoff  An important part of the democratic process?  How do they “get in the door”?  Access?  The “trust” factor  The “revolving door” problem…  http://www.c-span.org/video/?315032- 6/washingtons-revolving-door http://www.c-span.org/video/?315032- 6/washingtons-revolving-door  Drafting bills

6.  Lobbying Congress  Testimony, letters/emails, campaign $$, meeting face to face (access)  Writing bills  Lobbying the Executive Branch  Growing as Prez has more influence on lawmaking  Numerous levels of the bureaucracy, White House staff,  Lobbying the Courts  Amicus curiae briefs  Sponsoring interested parties  Grassroots Lobbying  Ordinary voters serve as advocates, or contact officials; “folks back home”  Protests and Radical Activism  “unconventional political participation”, sometimes illegal activities Lobbying 15.3

7. Homework: Read 464-470; test Monday Consider: Why do you think lobbyists need to be monitored or regulated?

8. Top industries by spending

9. Spending by interest groups

10. What are the primary ways by which interest groups impact public policy?  $$$  Making contributions through PACs  How do PACs know who to support?  http://votesmart.org/candidate/evaluations/24096/pat-toomey#.VGupMmPRaSo http://votesmart.org/candidate/evaluations/24096/pat-toomey#.VGupMmPRaSo Voter mobilization – “GOTV” efforts Why might this sometimes be difficult?

11. How Much Money Do Interest Groups Spend on Elections? 15.3

12. What makes interest groups successful?  Leaders  Fate of interest groups may lie with their leaders;  Funding and Patrons  Revenue sources: Membership dues, direct-mail solicitations, special events, patrons  Members  Levels of Membership  Leadership  Working members  Dues-paying members  “free riders”  Benefits  AAA (roadside assistance), AARP (discounts)

13. Unit 3a AP Government and Politics

14.  Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946) Required registration of lobbyists  Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995) Stricter definition of lobbying, Tougher registration requirements Report clients and issues, Estimate amount paid by clients Regulating Congressional Lobbyists 15.5  Honest Leadership and Open Gov. Act (2007) Bans on gifts; longer “cooling-off periods”

15. Number of lobbyists Why is the number of lobbyists DECREASING?