2. Russia Today

3. Russia when it was called the USSR [Soviet Union] Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

4. Russian City – Kiev Capital of Early Russian Empire

5. Early Russia Empire Kiev Close to both RomeAndConstantinople

6. Byzantine Influences: Cyrillic Alphabet

7. Cyril and Methodius Missionaries from Constantinople visited Russian capital - Kiev Russia uses Cyrillic Alphabet and chooses to become Eastern Orthodox Christians

8. Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom]

9. Hagia Sophia Awes Russians Russian Diplomats visited Rome and Constantinople Missionaries from Rome and Constantinople visited Russian capital - Kiev Russians chose Eastern Orthodox Christianity

10. Byzantine Influences: Government – Religion - Alphabet

11. The Mongols {Golden Horde} in Russia

12. Mongol Rulers had all the power Russian Rulers imitated Mongol Rulers Mongols called “Golden Horde” in Russia Mongol’s influence Russian Government

13. Russian City – Moscow Ivan the Great makes Moscow New Capital of Russian Empire Ivan the Great makes Moscow New Capital of Russian Empire

14. Ivan the Great ( 1462-1505) Unites all of Russia under his power Unites all of Russia against the Golden Horde

15. Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) Ivan III the Great and Golden Horde Diplomat - 1480.

16. Ivan the Great (1462-1505) Admires Byzantine Empire Byzantine traditions and customs part of Russia Ivan sees Russia as the 3 rd Roman Empire Caesar = Czar

17. Ivan the Terrible ( 1540 -1584)

18. Ivan the Terrible ( 1540 -1584) Used Secret Police to terrorize Population Introduced Russia to a tradition of extreme absolute power of Russian Rulers`

19. Themes in Russian History  Expansion by conquest.  Need for warm-water ports.  The necessity of a strong, central government/Ruler  Use of Secret Police and force on population  Tension between Western and Eastern Influences

20. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-West For Progress & Change Open to New Ideas, Technologies, etc. Anti-West For Isolation Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative  Close borders to immigration  Keep people from traveling  Pro Military  Rich grow richer  Open borders to immigration  Encourage people to travel  Pro Business  Middle Class grows richer REFORM-MINDED LEADER DEMAGOGUE

21. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725)