1. Pulling down the Barriers: Lessons from Local and International Variations in Green Chemistry Policy Kira Matus PhD Candidate in Public Policy Harvard University Sustainability Science Program

3. What are We Seeing? Increasing Levels of Regulation Renewed attention to uncertain hazards New concern regarding efficacy of existing chemical regulation Heated discussions around climate, energy, renewable resources

4. US Regulatory Trends

5. Where are We Seeing it? EU Canada China, India US Federal Government US State Governments ▫MA ▫CA ▫MI ▫TX US Municipalities ▫San Francisco

6. Why Might We be Seeing it? Major “crises” ▫Food supply incidents ▫Toy incidents ▫Chemical incidents ▫High costs of energy ▫Competition for feedstocks, materials Increased awareness ▫Climate change ▫Energy issues- including security

7. Chemicals Policy Several Major Streams of “Chemical Policy” ▫Safety policies ▫Energy policies ▫Environmental Policies  Chemical policies  Climate Change policies ▫Innovation Policies ▫Health Policies ▫Green Chemistry Policies

8. How Are These Policies Related All of them impact green chemistry, even if not “Green Chemistry Policy” ▫Affect different aspects of the chemical enterprise ▫Interactions  Can be synergistic  Can also increase burden, make impact less than any one on its own

9. What are the Goals of Policies? Improve the overall public good ▫Maximize the social benefits ▫Minimize economic costs From GC perspective : ▫Use policy to lower barriers to implementing green chemistry

10. Green Chemistry: The Barriers (USA) 1.Economic and Financial 2.Regulatory 3.Technical 4.Organizational 5.Cultural 6.Definition and metrics

11. Overcoming Barriers 1.Incentives to innovate 2.Hazard reduction focus 3.Linkages and networks 4.Standards, metrics and certification 5.Increase prominence of environment in decision making 6.Support research, education and knowledge creation

12. Analyzing the Policies Barriers EconomicRegulatoryTechnicalOrganizationalCulturalDefinition and Metrics Policy Themes Incentives to Innovate  Tax Incentives Streamlined approval Tax incentives Awards programs Awards programs Fee reduction Alternate accounting schemes (long term) IP Protection Hazard Reduction Focus Use of fines towards green chemistry improvements Linkages and Networks Shared tools, databases, information exchange Trust building Standards, Metrics and Certifications Certification/ Standards efforts Certification/ Standards efforts Metrics Certification/ Standards efforts Metrics Increase Prominence of Environment in Decision Making Inclusion of toxicology data in articles Alternate accounting schemes (long term) New green chemistry terminology Support for Research, Education Research funding Sabbatical programs Curriculum development Training programs Course integration Industry roundtables  Education for NGO’s

13. US Policy Trends State Level: ▫Educational Initiatives ▫Economic Incentives ▫Regulatory Controls ▫Data Collection ▫Knowledge Creation ▫Dissemination- scientific, technical ▫Market creation/expansion ▫Awareness campaigns

14. US Policy Trends Federal Level: ▫Green Chemistry Policy (HR 2850)  Research funding  Education ▫Climate Change Policy ▫Environmental Policy- air, water, chemicals ▫Energy Policy ▫Health and Safety Policy ▫Agricultural Policy

15. Global Policy Trends Increasing “Command and Control”-style regulation ▫REACH as de facto global norm Regional (as opposed to international) agreements in trade, environment Education and research as GC Policy focus ▫Relationship with industry (China)

16. What’s Missing - Generally Systematic Policy Thinking Fundamental Risk Discussion Agreement on Broader Goals Coordination

17. What’s Missing- Specifically Strong economic incentives- loan funds, tax credits Coordination- among states, other regions, etc… Small business considerations Fundamental risk discussion Metrics and goals Money Regulatory Mapping

18. Conclusions Entering a dynamic policy period Many types of policy will impact the barriers to Green Chemistry More concerted effort at coordination is required

19. Acknowledgements Dr. Paul Anastas Dr. William Clark Christopher Doss Kai Itamari-Kinter ACS GCI Giorgio Ruffolo Sustainability Science Fellowship EPA Star Fellowship ACS PRF Grant BCSIA CID Roy Family Fellowship Vicki Norberg-Bohm Fellowship All of the interviewees and workshop participants

20. Where to go Next (US Policy) State-level consortium Availability of capital Tax breaks Regulatory incentives (ie fast-tracking, lower fees, Super fund, etc…) Standards, Metrics and Certifications

21. Types of Policies Research Incentives- chemistry and “policy,” non-profit research institute Education- k-12, vocational, workforce, university, grad, business, etc… Data clearinghouses/sharing Regulation of toxics- identification and control, disclosure, mandatory alternatives Awards Professional and business cooperatives Fostering partnerships Agency aid and advising (technical assistance) Tax credits Patent assistance Knowledge networks- conferences, value chain, “chemical map,” buying guides, Innovation centers Procurement

22. Categories Educational Economic Incentives Regulatory Knowledge Creation Dissemination Market

23. What’s Missing? Strong economic incentives- loan funds, tax credits Coordination- among states, other regions, etc… Small business Fundamental risk discussion Metrics and goals Money Systems thought- how do these and other regs interact Address older regs that could be problematic

24. Some ideas State-level consortium Possible IP or royalty system for processes Availability of capital Tax breaks Regulatory incentives (ie fast-tracking, lower fees, Super fund, etc…) Using convening power of NAS to tackle the metrics/standards problem (and certification)- or another standards org… ISO? ACS? IUPAC?