1. 1940s & 1950s

2.  Goal of the U.S. is to STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM  “Domino theory”= Belief that if 1 nation is communist, all of the other nations around it will fall to communism as well.

3. Red Scare HUAC (House Committee on Un- American Activities, 1938; 1945)= Created to investigate subversive activities in U.S. Hollywood Ten (1947)= Group of writers, director & producers who refused to answer HUAC questions about communist ties. All 10 served time in prison & were “blacklisted”

4.  Marshall Plan =$$ to Europe to rebuild after WWII  Berlin Airlift= U.S./British airdrop supplies into West Berlin  Truman Doctrine =$$ to Turkey & Greece  Eisenhower Doctrine =$$ to Middle East  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)= Military alliance formed to counter Soviet expansion  SEATO (South East Asia Treaty Organization) = Alliance to fight the spread of communism in Asian countries.

5.  National Security Act (1947)= Reorganized the Armed Forces, Foreign Policy, and Intelligence Community after WWII to fight Communism.  Fallout Shelters= Built to protect citizens from harmful effects of a nuclear bomb.

6.  Republican Senator  1950- Announced that 205 Communists had infiltrated the State Department  1952-54- Investigated various government departments & questioned innumerable witnesses

7. MCCARTHY  Unable to substantiate claims  Accused powerful people in the gov’t, including Pres. Eisenhower  His “witch hunt” for suspected communist spies became known as McCarthyism MCCARTHYISM

8.  American Communists  Executed for conspiracy to commit espionage  Charged w/passing A-bomb info. to Soviets  Only individuals ever executed under espionage charge during Cold War

10. Harry Truman, Democrat  Atom Bomb  Fair Deal  National Security Act Dwight D. Eisenhower (IKE), Republican  Becomes Pres. 1953  Interstate Hwy System

11. Nikita Khrushchev USSR/Communist  Cuban Missile Crisis  Sputnik Fidel Castro Cuba/Communist  Bay of Pigs  Cuban Missile Crisis

12.  Elvis Presley & Rock n Roll  Color TV  Leisure time  Increase in family income  Family auto  Vacations  Interstate Hwy Act

13.  Civil Rights Act 1957  Established Civil Rights Commission  Ensured voting rights  Montgomery Bus Boycott  Rosa Parks  Blacks in S. boycott bus lines for a year Brown vs. Board of Education May 7, 1954  Thurgood Marshall, black lawyer who brought case before Supreme Court  Earl Warren, Chief Justice  Challenged segregated schools  Overturned principle of “Separate but Equal”

14.  AFL-CIO forms (1955)  American Federation of Labor merges with Congress of Industrial Organization to form organization of many labor unions  Member unions represented nearly all unionized workers in the U.S. from 1955-2005