1. Cold War Terms Quiz Friday 2/11/11

2. Origins of the Cold War Cold War (1945-1990) Confrontation and competition between the US and USSR with actual fighting taking place between nations that the rivals supported Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) Meeting with FDR, Stalin and Churchill that made plans for the world post WWII Germany Divided – After the war Germany was divided into four zones controlled by France, England, the US and USSR. The capital of Berlin was also divided. Potsdam Conference (July 1945) Truman’s first meeting with Stalin where he needed to show strength. Soviets wanted Germany to pay reparations, Truman rejected this. satellite nations – Eastern European nations not directly under Soviet control but these communist nations stayed loyal to Russia. The Iron Curtain – Winston Churchill proclaimed the line that divided Eastern Europe (communist) from Western Europe (capitalist), marking the start of the Cold War.

3. The Cold War Berlin containment – Truman’s strategy to deal with communism by limiting (containing) it to where it already was, but not to let it spread. Truman Doctrine – Truman’s promise to aid any nation that was resisting communism and planned to be democratic / communist (began in Greece and Turkey) The Marshall Plan – $13 billion in aid offered to Europe from the US to aid in recovery (rejected by communists) Berlin Airlift – The Soviets cut off ground supplies to Berlin so the US flew aid in around the clock for 11 months. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual defense alliance of democratic (Western) nations Warsaw Pact – communist response to NATO which created an alliance between Eastern (communist) nations

4. Cold War-Korea Mao Zedong – Chinese communist leader who gained power in 1949 to establish The People’s Republic of China Taiwan – small island home of the Chinese Nationalists that fled communist China led by Chiang Kai-shek Occupation of Japan – the United States encouraged the rapid democratic/capitalist development of Japan in order to prevent the spread of communism from China The Korean War – (1950-53) Post WWII Korea divided at the 38th Parallel between communist and capitalist –North Korea Attacks – (6/25/50) an attempt to unify Korea under communism –The UN Intervenes – led by the U.S. a UN peacekeeping force drives North Koreans towards China –China Attacks – feeling threatened by the UN, China invades into North Korea driving UN troops to the 38th P –MacArthur Fired encouraged the use of nuclear weapons to end the war and disobeyed Truman’s orders

5. Cold War- Atomic IKE more bang for the buck” – Eisenhower’s argument for investing in nuclear weapons rather than conventional ones massive retaliation – Ike’s belief that you had to be willing to use nuclear weapons in order for them to be effective Sputnik – (Oct 1957) Soviets launch the first man made sattelite into outer space resulting in fears and insecurities for the American public NASA – developed in order to harness America’s efforts towards the space race v. the Soviet Union National Defense Education Act – the federal government provided more money for education to help the defense of the country (math, science, & foreign language) “duck and cover” fallout shelters gave a false sense of security that they could survive an attack and actually ENCOURAGED the use of atomic bombs

6. Cold War-Brinkmanship brinksmanship – the willingness to go to war in hopes that the opposing side will back down. This was justification for the nuclear buildup during the Cold War End of Korean War – When Eisenhower was elected he threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the war. The Chinese and North Koreans agreed to the 38th Parallel Nikita Khrushchev – became the new Premier of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin summit meeting – a proposed meeting between Khrushchev and Eisenhower in Paris that never happened because the Americans were caught lying about a U2 spy plane over Soviet airspace in 1959 Military Industrial Complex – when Eisenhower stepped down from the Presidency he warned not to let the ones who build weapons have to much power in government