1. Chapter 8 The new and improved United States under the Constitution AMERICA !

2. I. The First President A. George Washington 1. Took office 1789 (voted unanimously) 2. Vice President was John Adams 3. Appointed Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State), Alexander Hamilton (Treasury) and Henry Knox (War) to his cabinet (group of advisors) 8.22A 4. Washington set many precedents (traditions) as the first president of the United States.

3. II. Court System A. John Jay was the first Supreme Court Chief Justice. B. Created by the Judiciary Act in 1789. –1. Created because of the debate between having a national court system or letting state courts handle all cases. 8.5C

4. III. Alexander Hamilton A. Secretary of the Treasury B. Federalist C. Created the National Bank –1. Believed a National bank could help build a strong national economy by issuing money and regulating trade. –2. Democratic- Republicans disagreed with him about the National Bank 8.5C 8.5B

5. D. Hamilton believed in the idea of tariffs to encourage people to buy American products. –1. Tariffs are taxes on imports and exports. E. He also believed in national taxes to help pay for the government to operate and pay off the national debt. III. Alexander Hamilton 8.5C 8.5B

6. IV. A New Capital A. In a deal to win southern supporters to pay off the nation’s debt, Alexander Hamilton agreed to move the National Capital further south to an area between Maryland and Virginia. B. An independent district was created (not belonging to any state) and Washington D.C. was born. 8.5C

7. Questions??? Who was the first president? Who was the first vice-president? What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do? Why was the national capital moved? Why did Alexander Hamilton support the creation of a national bank? Who was Washington’s Secretary of State?

8. V. Challenges for a New Nation. A. Problems in Europe 1. Britain and France went to war during this time (yes again!) 2. American sympathy was split between France and Britain with supporters on each side wanting America to get involved. 8.5E

9. VI. Challenges for a New Nation. 3. President Washington takes action: Proclamation of Neutrality A.Prevented Americans from fighting in the war B.Banned French and British warships from American ports. Treaty with Britain A.Jay’s Treaty A.Britain withdraws from American soil B.Pays for seized ships C.Allows trade with British Caribbean Colonies Treaty with Spain A.Pinckney’s Treaty A.Spain gives America free navigation of the Mississippi River 8.5E

10. B. Whiskey Rebellion 1. Farmers protested new taxes under the Constitution attacking tax collectors and burning down buildings. 2. Unlike Shay’s rebellion, under the new constitution with a powerful national army, Washington and the government crushed the rebellion and showed the government under the Constitution would work. 8.5A How can we pay a dadgum tax on whiskey when we ain’t go no money???

11. VII. Washington’s Farewell Address By the end of his 2 nd term, Washington was extremely popular. He decided to step down after his 2 nd term, setting a precedent we follow today with our presidents. In his Farewell Address Washington said political parties were wrong and that as a country we should stay neutral. 8.5E Remember kids, just say no to political parties and foreign alliances and you can be as awesome as me.

12. VII. The First Political Parties A.Political parties emerged because: 1.Different philosophies of government 2.Conflicting interpretations of the Constitution 3.Different economic and regional interests 4.Disagreement over foreign affairs 8.21A 8.5C

13. Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans Leader: Alexander HamiltonLeader: Alexander Hamilton Supported:Supported: –Rule by the wealthy class –Strong federal government –Emphasis on manufacturing –Loose interpretation of the Constitution –Sided with the British –National Bank –Protective tariffs Leader: Thomas JeffersonLeader: Thomas Jefferson Supported:Supported: –Rule by the people –Strong state governments –Emphasis on agriculture –Strict interpretation of the Constitution –Sided with the French –State Banks –Free trade 8.21A 8.5C Differences Between the First Political Parties V. The First Political Parties

14. IX. The 2 nd President A. Federalist John Adams defeated Republican Thomas Jefferson B. Under the Constitution at the time, the candidate with the second most votes became Vice President. C. So, the United States ended up with Federalists President John Adams and Republican Vice President Thomas Jefferson. I hate you…

15. XI. Foreign Affairs Under President Adams A.The XYZ Affair 1.During the war between England and France, France began seizing American ships. 2.To avoid war, President Adams sent representatives to France to find a peaceful solution. 3.The foreign minister for France refused to see the Americans and then demanded a bribe and a loan from America. 4.President Adams was furious and told congress to prepare for war!!! 8.5E

16. B. Alien and Sedition Acts 1. Alien Act - Passed laws to limit immigrants entering the United States. 2. Sedition Act - Attempted to restrict freedom of press against the government. a. UNCONSTITUTIONAL! 3. Many Americans were so outraged that they began to support the Democratic-Republicans. 8.21B

17. B. Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 1.Acts violated the constitution 2.Suggested nullifying the Acts 3.Affirmed the principle of state’s rights 10 th Amendment 8.21B

18. SUMMARY OF MAJOR DOMESTIC POLICY ISSUES Maintaining National Security –Whiskey Rebellion –XYZ Affair –Alien & Sedition Acts Creating a Stable Economic System –National Bank –Protective Tariffs –Taxation Creating a Court System –Judiciary Act of 1789 Defining The Authority of The Federal Government –Appointing Presidential Cabinet –Whiskey Rebellion 8.21B

19. Questions??? What were the first two political parties in American History? What was Washington’s foreign policy? Who became president after Washington decided not to run for a third term? Who was the vice-president? What did Washington state in his Farewell Address? Why did John Adams send representatives to France? What was the XYZ Affair? What did the Alien and Sedition Acts do?

20. The End