1. Components of the Cell
Nicole Murnane - sourced from Nature of Biology 3&4

2. Animal Cell

3. Plant Cell

4. Plasma Membrane Boundary of the cell
Consists of a phospholipid bilayer
Maintains internal environment of cell
Allows movement of some substances into and out of the cell: referred to as partially permeable

5. Cytosol Fluid inside cells Consists of water and dissolved substances
Bathes organelles

6. Nucleus The control centre of the cell Contains DNA
Enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope
EUKARYOTIC cells have a nucleus

7. Mitochondrion Power house of the cell
Produces energy in the form of ATP via the process of Cellular Respiration
Have an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane

8. Ribosomes Site of protein production
Found in cytosol or are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes in cytosol produce proteins used by cell
Ribosomes on ER produce proteins transported out to other cells
Examples: pancreatic cells produce insulin; stomach cells produce pepsin

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Transports substances within the cell
Consists of a system of membrane-bound channels
Smooth ER – without ribosomes
Rough ER – with ribosomes
Examples: haemoglobin used in red blood cells

10. Golgi Apparatus Consists of several layers of membranes
Packages materials into vesicles to be transported out of the cell
Vesicles are discharged from the cell by exocytosis
Also known as the Golgi complex

11. Lysosomes Sac-like structures surrounded by a membrane
Filled with digestive enzymes
Destroy unwanted cell parts and damaged molecules in a controlled way
Can cause the death of a cell – programmed cell death
Examples: development of fingers in embryo

12. Cell Wall Only found in plants and prokaryotes
Semi-rigid protective structure made of cellulose
On the outside of the cell membrane

13. Chloroplasts Only found in plants Site of photosynthesis
Contains green pigment called chlorophyll that traps light
Have an outer membrane and many internal folded membranes called grana. Chlorophyll is located here.
The space between the grana is called stroma.

14. Chloroplasts

15. Vacuole Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs within the cytoplasm
In plant cells, vacuoles tend to be very large
In plant cells they provide structural support, and are used for storage and waste disposal
In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and are used for storage

16. Flagella Whip like structure
Found in bacterial cells and single celled organisms
Used for movement of the organism’

17. Cilia Extension of the cell membrane
Whip like structures in eukaryotic cells
Called flagella if only one or two are present
Examples: movement of mucus in trachea

18. Putting them all together
Organelles within one cell do not act in isolation, but interact with each other
Groups of cells form tissue
Groups of tissue form organs
Groups of organs form systems