1. SANITARY & PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES IN PRODUCTION PROCESSING FOR TRADE (LIVESTOCK & LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS) BY DR. (Mrs.) MARLINE SAMBO WAZIRI fcsn, fieon, ficon. STANDARDS ORGANIZATION OF NIGERIA (SON) Tel: +2348033482034 Email: princesswaziri2010@gmail.com Website: www.son.gov.ng 1

2. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT)/ SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) MEASURES (WTO –TBT/SPS) The World Trade Organisation (WTO) established in 1995 as an International Organisation that effectively lays down legal ground rules for International Trade  Multilateral trade rules  Trade in services  Trade related of intellectual property rights  Dumping of poor quality goods  Customs procedures  Technical barriers to Trade (TBT)  Sanitary (human and animal health) and Phytosanitary (plant health) measures  WTO TBT/SPS Agreements Recognises that access to markets can be hindered through the use of Technical Regulations and Standards which may vary from Country to Country.  Too many Standards make life unnecessary difficult for manufacturers and exporters and try to ensure that Technical Regulations and Conformity assessments do not create obstacle to Trade 2

3. OVERVIEW THEME 1: SPS or TBT Legislation THEME 2: Drafting Food Safety Legislation “the WTO way” THEME 3: Problems entering export markets THEME 4: Disputes settlement 3

4. SCOPE OF THE SPS AGREEMENT TO PROTECTFROM: Human or Animal lifeRisk arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in food, beverages, feedstuffs; Human lifeEntry, spread of plant or animal-carried disease (zoonoses) Animal or Plant lifePest, diseases or disease-causing organisms A countryDamage caused by the entry, establishment or spread of pests. 4

5. LEGAL OBLIGATIONS: SPS vs TBT SPSTBT  Appropriate level of protection  Food Safety, Animal Health, Plant Protection  Based on Risk Assessment  Based on legitimate objective - National security -Prevention of deceptive practices - Environment - Health or Safety Of Human, Animal Or Plant Life  Based on Scientific Evidence  Scientific Evidence: one element to consider. 5

6. THEME 2: DRAFTING FOOD SAFETY LEGISLATION “THE WTO WAY” BASIC PRINCIPLES Sovereign right to determine their appropriate level of protection (ALOP) but measures must not be inconsistent with the Agreement. Right to take measures but only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health Non discrimination (country conditions) Not maintained without sufficient Scientific evidence (Art 2.2) Provisional measures where scientific evidence insufficient (Art 5.7) Measures based on risk assesment (Art 5) 6

7. BASIC PRINCIPLES INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ARTICLE 3 HARMONISATION SPS measures which conform to international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall be deemed necessary to protect: Human Animal or Plant Life and Health And PRESUMED TO BE CONSISTENT with the relevant provisions of this Agreement and of GATT 1994 7

8. HARMONISATION (ARTICLE 3) The establishment, recognition and application or common Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures by different members.  Food Safety Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex)  Animal Health World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)  Plant Health International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 8

9. HARMONISATION ARTICLE 3 “Members shall base their SPS measures on International standards, guidelines and recommendations”. (Art 3.1) E.g. Codex adopted more than 100 standards from International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) on Food Sector. “Alternative to harmonisation (Art 3.3) If there is a scientific justification Appropriate level of protection in conformity with Art 5 (Risk assessment) 9

10. REGIONAL SPS FRAMEWORKS AND STRATEGIES IN AFRICA  The preliminary analysis of Regional SPS policy framework in Africa in line with the WTO-SPS Agreements concentrated on the followings:  The standard-setting activities of : i.Codex Alimentarius (Codex) ii.World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) iii.International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)  Awareness creation about the importance of SPS matters, in terms of increasing market access for food and agricultural products.  Raising production levels and improving public health  Capacity building  Private sector engagement among others. 10

11. STANDARDS ORGANISATION OF NIGERIA CONTRIBUTIONS TO SPS AGREEMENT 11

12. SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEMS Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)  International accepted approach for assuring the safety of Food-strongly recommended by codex  HACCP system is a tool used to access hazards, estimate risk and establish risk or reduce it to an acceptable level  HACCP emphasizes prevention and control rather than end product testing and traditional inspection methods.  Promotes good Agricultural Practices  Promotes good Hygienic Practice (CHP)  Considers risk management  Promotes emphasis on audit and training than on physical inspection and laboratory analysis of end products. or consignment  HACCP contribute to reducing the cost of poor quality NOTE : The Introduction of HACCP systems in slaughter houses, agro-processing plants etc. is an essential element in the infrastructure required for acceptance in export market  ISO 22000: Food safety management systems – Requirements for any Organisation in the Food Chain 12

13. EXISTING SON STANDARDS  Code of hygienic practice for processed meat and poultry  Specification for poultry feeds  Standard on method of sampling and analysis of animal feeds stuff  Pig feeds among others. 13

14. THEME 3: PROBLEMS ENTERING EXPORT MARKETS. COMMON PROBLEMS MEETING REQUIREMENTS OF EXPORTMARKETS:  Lack of information on imports requirement among industry/government  High cost of compliance  Control, inspection and documentation problems  Arbitrary unjustified trade measures. 14

15. PRODUCTION: UPGRADING THE VALUE CHAIN OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCKS PRODUCTS Alliance that focus on increasing Agricultural value chain can concentrate on -Increasing volume of production -Improving the quality of production -Facilitating access to better imports -Increasing the efficiency of one or more producers through developing producer growth -Introducing a new technology at certain point along the value chain NOTE: Alliance can also combine one or more of this action 15

16. REFRENCES: Pomoting exports through quality and product safety (Sida. 2004/ Ivar Foss) International Trade Centre, Export Quality Bulletin (M076, 2011. FAO, Geneva-2010) Regional SPS framework and strategies in Africa in Africa (STDF/AU 2010) support to competiveness and harmonisation of TBT and SPS measures (EU/ECOWAS 2012) ISO Action plan for developing Africa countries (ISO 2011-2015) WTO support to developing Countries (Geneva 2015) THANK YOU FOR LISTENING 16