1. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 1 Cooling Systems for the VXD Overview of Cooling Requirements General Principles of the VXD Cooling CO2 Distribution System: Junction Box, Manifold, Transfer Lines CO2 Cooling Units: IBBelle and MARCO Dry Volumes Schedule & Conclusions

2. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 2 VXD Cooling Requirements & Specs Minimize material in acceptance region SVD requirements: coolant temperature for APV25 @ -20°C for SNR improvement total dissipated power ~ 700 W PXD requirements: sensor temp. < 25°C, ASICs < 50°C : cooling block @ -20°C dissipated power ~ 360 W Cooling power ~ 1.6 kW at VXD (incl. ~ 540 W parasitic heat influx) have to add heat loss through 15 m of transfer lines → ~ 2-3 kW Dry Air Volume: dew point inside VXD volume: ~ -30 °C (-50 °C at source) Outside of VXD: room temperature ( ~ 23°C) at the CDC need a thermal enclosure towards CDC, well isolated

3. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 3 Cooling Principle for SVD & PXD SVD: Origami System with APV25 (total of ~ 700 W) PXD: DCD + DHP (+ switcher and sensors, total of ~ 360 W) Water excluded: - not cold enough for PXD - too much material (pipes) for SVD 2-phase CO2 cooling chosen non-mag. INOX, 3D printing close collaboration between MPI, CERN and NIKHEF since April 2011 (+ important initial contributions by Vienna, Karlsruhe and Valencia)

4. C. Kiesling, B2GM Meeting, PXD Session, Nagoya, Jul. 6-9, 2011 4 2 Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop “2PACL”, proposed by B. Verlaat (NIKHEF) Accumulator (2-phase mixture) pressure controlled (fix temperature) pump sub-cooled CO2 (e.g. - 35 °) throttle chiller (heat out) detector (heat in) heater raise temp to default (e.g. -30 °C)

5. DCS: TTa24 - TTn24 (FTa24 - FTn24) EH122 TS122 MVa24 - MVn24 04 06 FL018 ⅜” AV017 20 36 BD016 PT116 / PT316 TT116 / TT316 MV018 MV036 14 staves (a-g),(7 flow pairs) (10x BW flow / 4x FW flow) Junction box Two-stage dry volume PXD / SVD Transfer tubes (~15m) HX036 ½” ⅜” Dummy load (testing only) BD020 PT120 / PT320 TT120 / TT320 TTz20 (DCS) BD036 PT136 / PT336 TT136 / TT336 TTz36 (DCS) MV035 EH117 TT117 TS117 PT510 VP512VP510 EV508 nc HX012 16 FL017 MV017 Manifold box 12 10 12 10 08 PT512 PT610 VP612VP610 PT612 TT510 TT610 nc EV608 Cables and inter connection pipes DN40 vacuum Vacuum system DN40 ¼” ⅜” ¼” ½” CO2 System Overview foam isol. vacuum isol. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 5 CO2 Plant „IBBelle“ (IBL + Belle) Flex lines

6. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 6 IR Region and Silicon Systems („VXD“) The VXD (PXD + SVD) is a mechanical unit, dimensions defined by the cylindrical CFRP shell and the end flanges. Installed into Belle II as a unit together with the beampipe (crotched part) needs to be thermally isolated against the CDC (room temp.) and the beampipe (15 °C). CO2 pipes not isolated inside the VXD: need a „dry“ volume inside shell CFRP shell

7. Narrowest space between QCS and CDC: „warm“ 24 mm VXD services: 21 mm „cold“ „Docks“ C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 7 Two Dry Volumes: „cold“ and „warm“ „cold“ cold VXD volume (dry air @ ~ 0°C) „warm“ volumes between QCS and CDC inner wall, up to CDC end wall, FWD / BWD (flushed by dry air of ambient temperature) „Docks“

8. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 8 Dry Volumes Inside the CDC cold dry volume for VXD (~ 0°C dry air) (up to end flange of VXD) Room temperature dry volumes (~ 20°C dry air) Dryness requirement: dew point < -50°C (up to end wall of CDC) „Dock“ area

9. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 9 SVD: CO2 lines to end rings BWD 8, FWD 2 PXD: CO2 lines to mount block BWD 2, FWD 2 red: connections for environmental monitoring (e.g. FOS) CO2 lines from VXD to Docks

10. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 10 CO2 Micro Connections after the VXD Flange Micro connectors (used, e.g., in CMS) pipe and connector measured to stand more than 1400 bar (done at Swagelok company)

11. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 11 Dock Area: Connection to Vacuum Isolation end of (warm) dry volume standard VCR connectors (space inside dock area)

12. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 12 MLI (super) insulation 1.6 mm OD / 1.0 mm ID concentric inlet tube 4 mm OD / 3 mm ID outlet tube 18 mm OD corrugated vacuum tube ~ 12m long CO2 Vacuum Transfer Lines MLI admissible bending radius: ~ 50 mm prototype (15 m) successfully tested at CERN Flex line design (by CERN/NIKHEF)

13. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 13 routing of vacuum-isolated transfer lines Routing on FWD side: uncontroversial, but little space Routing on BWD side: difficult, but OK (interference with CDC electronics) BWDFWD QCS-L QCS-R Flex Transfer Lines from Dock Area (I)

14. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 14 Small curvature radius Replace corrugated pipe by SS vacuum pipe (12 mm) Flex Transfer Lines from Dock Area (II)

15. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 15 CO2, air CO2, air Flex Transfer Lines from Dock Area (III)

16. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 16 Manifold Box: from Flex Lines to J. Box design by MPI dimension of manifold box: 600 x 680 x 220 mm CO2 in CO2 out Vacuum insulated flex line to experiment

17. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 17 Junction Box: from Manifolds to IBBelle design by MPI housing dimensions of junct. box: 1060 x 625 x 345 mm „2-D“ arrangement In 3 layers foam insulation betweeen layers

18. AC042 LP101 vent evacuate 6 8 FT106 FL104 ⅜” EH106 TT106 TS106 EH101 / EH102 / EH103 TT101 / TT102 / TT103 TS101 / TS102 / TS103 PT101 / PT102 / PT103 HX150 System A LT142 LT342 FT306 FL304 ⅜” FL306 VP056 50 4 40 12 44 46 48 PV110 BD150/ PT150/ TT150 ¼” PT104 TT104 BD108 PT108 TT108 CO 2 from experiment CO 2 to experiment 42 PT142 EH142/143 TT142/143 TS142/143 EH342/143 TT342/143 TS342/143 PV108 PV144 HX148 TT148 SV042 SV043 MV042 FL144 MV041 TT146 AV108 Freon chiller A 200 System B 10 LP101 EH301 / EH302 / EH303 TT301 / TT302 / TT303 TS301 / TS302 / TS303 PT301 / PT302 / PT303 4 FL344 BD304 PT304 TT304 MV306 6 8 EH306 TT306 TS306 BD308 PT308 TT308 AV308 PV308 PV310 PV344 46 TT346 HX350 HX348 LP301 Fill port nc MV050 MV054 MV052 MV056 BD050 PT050 EV148 EV348 nc 50 BD350/ PT350/ TT350 SV040 MV040 SV041 BD112 10 MV058 NV110 MV110 MV310 nc CV142 nc CV342 nc FL106 Fill port MV106 Cold CO2 line Cold R404a line Warm service line (Cold lines require 32mm insulation) no NV310 no ¼” ½” bs CV149 nc 50 PT149 TT149 48 TT148 nc 50 CV349 PT349 TT349 Freon chiller B 400 MV043 PT342 C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 18 IBBelle

19. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 19 Prototype: „MARCO“ Multi-Purpose Apparatus for Research in CO2 Collaboration between CERN, NIKHEF and MPI on the design of IBBelle and the transfer line system for Belle II VXD and ATLAS IBL Principles by CERN/NIKHEF, design and construction by MPI Common commissioning at CERN, in July delivered to DESY for the combined PXD/SVD test

20. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 20 „Cold“ Dry Volume (for PXD) setup: IFIC Valencia

21. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 21 Cold Dry Volume (II) : Air Cooling Measurements: IFIC Valencia N 2 @ 0°C Flow 1m/s no air 0°C air no air 0°C air sensors below 20°C with 0°C dry air

22. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 22 Thermal Mockup @ DESY To be replaced by MARCO after DESY test (includes also beampipe + cooling)

23. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 23 Prototype „Belle II Silicon Tracker“ „DESY Telescope Test“: Sept. 16, 2013 – Jan. 31, 2014 electron beam PXDSVD B-field 1.x T) ʘ magnet wall „cold box“ 15 cm major milestone for 2013/14 Cooling components: - MARCO CO2 plant - junction box, manifold and transfer lines (DESY/MPI) - thermal dummy load (only ~1/40 of heat load in setup) - dry volume, cold N2 flow (-20°C)

24. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 24 Schedule for VXD Cooling Systems install CO2 System at KEK in April 2015 2013 2014 2015

25. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 25 Summary & Conclusions Active CO2 cooling of the VXD is essential for its operation Two-Phase cooling with CO2 has been chosen, based on the requirements of the PXD and SVD Cold dry air cooling is necessary for the PXD ASICs and the DEPFET sensors, beneficial for the SVD signal/noise ratio Strong R&D, design & construction program in CO2 cooling ongoing in collaboration with CERN / NIKHEF and MPI: MARCO and IBBelle DESY will provide thermal mockup for entire VXD + beampipe CO2 Hardware will be built in Europe and shipped to KEK Installation of CO2 / air cooling system planned for 2nd half of 2015 (Belle II roll-in with CO2 system installed, including the manifold box) Operation by KEK cryogenics group

26. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 26 Backup

27. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 27 Location of CO2 Plants @ Belle II 2 independent units (redundancy) additional balcony on top of the electronic hut

28. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 28 Location of Backend Electronics & PS PXD PS units SVD PS PXD DHH (bwd) PXD DHH (fwd)

29. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 29 Slow Control Development Process

30. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 30 S/W Development Issues for IBBelle

31. C. Kiesling, BPAC VXD Mechanics Meeting, KEK, Sep. 8-11, 2013 31 PXD: Ladder Support and Cooling CO2 channel (in/out) Beampipe support air channels (in only) CO2 air material non-magnetic INOX design: MPI manufactured by Fruth Innovative Technology (FIT) inner layer outer layer outer DEPFET module module fixed by screws to beam pipe