1. LT- Today, I can connect the role of how biomolecules build the cell by citing from text and video. What are the 4 biomolecules and what are they made up of?

2. If we are composed of cells, what are cells made of? Building Blocks of Cells- Biomolecules

3. What is this called? What is the building made up of ? The bricks are the building blocks of the building.

4. Biomolecules are the building blocks of cells. Biomolecules are also made up of even smaller building blocks. Monomers and polymers are the building blocks of biomolecules. Carbon Compounds All the biomolecules contain carbon. The biomolecules are also know as organic molecules.

5. Let’s use our building as an example. The building blocks of the building are bricks (biomolecules). The monomers and the polymers of the brick is sand and rock.

6. The 4 biomolecules:

7. 1.Carbohydrates- molecules made of sugar. The building blocks of carbohydrates are glucose (monosaccharide) Sugar contains: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Ex) C 6 H 12 O 6

8. Types of Carbohydrates:

9. Monosaccharide (single sugar) Ex) Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 Simple Carbohydrate

10. Disaccharide (two sugars) Ex) Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose C 6 H 12 O 6 Simple Carbohydrate

11. Polysaccharide (many sugars) formed by repeating units of either mono- or di-saccharides joined together Ex) Starch (plants), Glycogen (storage form of glucose in animals), and Cellulose Complex Carbohydrate

12. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals. If all the sugar that is taken in by the cell is not used in Cellular Respiration: It gets stored in vacuoles as glycogen. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is large enough to be stored in vacuoles. When the cell needs to use the stored glycogen for cellular respiration, lysosomes break it down in to glucose again.

13. Cells use carbohydrates for: Energy Structural Materials Cellular Identification/Recognition

14. Individual writing response:

15. Jack needs your help: Silly Jack; he thinks he eats apples only because they taste good. Prove to Jack that, although apples are delicious, eating them is important to his body. a.Tell him what an apple is. b. Explain to Jack what the apple is broken down into and where that happens. c. Summarize for Jack, where the substances from the apple will go and how it will get there.

16. Jack is walking home from work; he decides he wants to get home faster, so he begins to jog. Jack stops running after about 3 minutes because his breathing rate has increased and he is nervous. Jack obviously has never taken a biology class. a. Explain to Jack why his breathing rate has increased (make sure you mention the system of the body that is involved) b. Tell him where the substance (that his breathing brings in) will go and how it will get there. c. Now summarize for him how his body will use the substance from the apple and his increased breathing (make sure you mention the name of the process and the organelle involved).

17. 2. Lipids- Another word for "fat." A lipid is chemically defined as a substance that is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Fat is also known as a triglyceride. Lipid are made up of a glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules attached to it. A fatty acid is just a long chain of carbon atoms connected to each other.

18. Ex) fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes, Steroid hormones, and some pigments. Cells use lipids for: Storing energy Insulation Controlling water movement

19. LT- Today, I can synthesize my understand of how the body uses biomolecules for energy by comparing and contrasting carbohydrates and lipids. How are carbohydrates versus lipids used to make energy in the body?

20. Compare and Contrast how carbohydrates and lipids (fats) are used by the body. What are the similarities? Both are biomolecules. Both are used as a source to make energy. Both are made from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen molecules. What are the differences? Carbohydrates are slow but immediate energy release, whereas fats are long term storage. In people that are very active, fat is most of the energy that is used. Carbohydrates are the first to be used to make energy. Carbohydrates are easy access and only last 2-3hours in the body during high activity. When glucose runs low, fat is used for energy. Fat takes longer to process. Fat has a greater amount of energy stored within it. Fats are needed for stamina (long term energy needs).

21. 3. Proteins When you look at an individual, you are looking at proteins (hair, eyes, skin, etc.) Your DNA contains the codes for making proteins. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids that twist and fold into certain shapes. SHAPE DETERMINES WHAT THE PROTEIN’S JOB!!!!!!!!

22. Amino acids are made up of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable group There are 22 different amino acids that build all of the proteins. Some amino acids are essential which means the body can’t make the amino acid, so it must be eaten in the diet. Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds.

23. Some proteins: Provide structure and support Enable movement Aid in communications or transportation Carry out chemical reactions (enzymes) HORMONES AND ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS

24. 4. Nucleic Acids- function as storage molecules in a cell. They store and transmit heredity information. They are made up of a long chain of nucleotide units Nucleotides contain a base, a sugar group, And a phosphate group.

25. Types of nucleotides: DNA (d sugar group)- Instructions for life. RNA (r sugar group)- Decodes DNA. ATP- energy that the cell uses. ATP is made up of a 5 carbon sugar (ribose), a phosphate group (3 phosphate molecules bonded together), and a nitrogen base (which is always adenine when it comes to ATP. ATP=adenosine triphosphate

26. GlucoseAmino AcidsFatty AcidsNucleotides and Glycerol CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids