1. Unit 1G Lipids & Nucleic Acids

2. What are lipids? What do they do? What is their job? Lipids are “fats” Lipids have several jobs: They are used for energy and energy storage (such as in fat cells). They are used to make the cell membrane (as phospholipids). They can also be used as signaling molecules. Carbohydrates are: Sugars Proteins are: The “Doers” Lipids are: Fats

3. What are the subunits of fats? Glycerol and Fatty Acids Fat Cell with Lipids (Fat) in it.

4. Glycerol Fatty Acid Chain

5. Why are lipids important to organisms? Without lipids, we would not have cell membranes to hold our cells together. Without lipids, we would not be able to absorb fatty nutrients, like vitamin E Without lipids, we would not be able to store Long term energy in the form of Fat. The difference between storing glycogen and storing fat is that glycogen is for short term storage and fat is for long term storage. Glycogen that does not get used, gets converted into fat for long term storage.

6. What organisms are lipids important to? All organisms, because all organisms have cell membranes.

7. What are fats? The word Fat is used to refer to a particular group of lipids. There are two main types of fats: Saturated fats Unsaturated fats

8. What is a saturated fat? Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain; hence, they are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Single Bond C C C C C C H H H H H H H C H H C H H C H H CC H H CC H H CC H H CC H H CC H H CC H H CC H H C

9. Examples of Saturated Fats Any type of fat that hardens at room temperature is usually a saturated fat. Animal Fat Lard Butter

10. What are Unsaturated Fats? The fatty acids have double bonds in the, so they are NOT saturated with carbons. Double Bond C C C C C C H H H H H H H C H C H C H H CC H H CC H CC H CC H H CC H H CC H H CC H H C

11. What are some examples of Unsaturated fats? Unsaturated fats are usually the fats that turn to liquid at room temperature. Cooking Oils Fat found in Nuts

12. What is the relationship between saturated/unsaturated fats and human health? Saturated fats are generally considered unhealthy. Unsaturated fats are considered to be generally healthy. ALL FATS must be eaten in moderation!!

13. What organisms use fats? We generally relate fats to animals, but many plants also use fats as energy storing vehicles as well… So, fat is important to pretty much all organisms.

14. Lets Switch Gears!!!

15. What are Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids are the 4 th and final organic compound that we will study. Nucleic acids make up our genetic material (our DNA and RNA).

16. What are the subunits of Nucleic Acids? Nucleic Acids are made of: A 5-Carbon Sugar A Phosphate Group A Nitrogenous Base Nitrogenous base Nucleoside O O OO OO P CH 2 5’C 3’C Phosphate group Pentose sugar (b) Nucleotide Figure 5.26 O

17. What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids that we will be concerned with? DNA DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Deoxyribose is the 5-carbon sugar in this molecule RNA RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid Ribose is the 5-Carbon sugar in this molecule

18. What do Nucleic Acids do? The store and transmit genetic information. Genetic information is what is used to instruct the cell on how to be built, how to function…genetics make you what you are.

19. Why are nucleic acids important to organisms? With out this genetic material, organisms would have no “instruction manual” on how to build and run their cells and bodies. Without genetic material the organism would never “become” at all.

20. What type of organic molecules are DNA & RNA? Nucleic Acids

21. What are the subunits of DNA & RNA? DNA is made of: A phosphate group A nitrogenous Base The 5-Carbon sugar: Deoxyribose RNA is made of: A phosphate group A nitrogenous base The 5-Carbon sugar: Ribose

22. So what’s the difference between DNA & RNA Well, we will get to that later this year. For now, just know that DNA and RNA are your Genetic Material…the “Instruction Manual” for your body. All organisms either have DNA or RNA as their genetic material.