1. Motor systems1 ACTIVE SENSING Lecture 5

2. Motor systems2 Roles of visual proprioception  oculomotor control  binocular vision  spatial localisation  development of neural circuits

3. Motor systems3 Role of eye movements and extraocular muscle proprioception in the development of neural circuits: orientation selectivity   Paralysis => no orientation selectivity   Paralysis + passively moved => no Orientation selectivity   Thus active movement of the animal is a prerequisite for the development of orientation selective cells during visual experience.   Eye movements with no body movement => orientation selectivity   No eye movements with body movement => no orientation selectivity.   Thus eye movements associated with vision are necessary to provide normal visual experience.   Eye movement with no proprioceptive input => no orientation selectivity   Thus proprioceptive extraocular input has to be associated with retinal input during visual experience to allow development of orientation selectivity in visual cortical cells. P. BUISSERET, PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS Vol. 75, No. 2, April 1995

4. Motor systems4 Role of eye movements and extraocular muscle proprioception in the development of neural circuits: orientation selectivity   Cutting EOMs and leaving eyeM in only one plane yield cortical cells oriented in only the perpendicular orientation   Leaving one eye moving in all direction and the other with proprioception in only one plane, also yield cortical cells oriented in only the perpendicular orientation P. BUISSERET, PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS Vol. 75, No. 2, April 1995

5. Motor systems5 Visual reflexes

6. Motor systems6 Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

7. Motor systems7 Exercise # 1  Draw a control loop in which both head angle and eye angle are components  Specify the controlled variable(s) (i.e., what is the loop controlling)  Draw the basic transfer functions (focus on horizontal angles only)  Analyze loop behavior (with words)  Describe the role of the VOR circuit in the global loop  Suggest a eye -> head circuit which would be helpful for the global loop. Tip: First invent a reasonable control loop. Then check its biological plausibility

8. Motor systems8 ACTIVE SENSING Lecture 5: Motor systems IV

9. Motor systems9 Motor control of the vibrissal system   Whisker movement (whisking control)   Touch (perceptual control)

10. Motor systems10 Motor control of the vibrissal system   Whisker movement (whisking control)   Touch (perceptual control) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D E     Row D Arc 1

11. Motor systems11 Motor control of the vibrissal system Dorfl J, 1985, J Anat 142:173-184 Horizontal cut through row C 1mm

12. Motor systems12 Motor control of the vibrissal system Intrinsic muscles Dorfl J, 1982, J Anat 135:147-154 0.5 mm

13. Motor systems13 Motor control of the vibrissal system Intrinsic muscles Dorfl J, 1982, J Anat 135:147-154

14. Motor systems14 Motor control of the vibrissal system Intrinsic muscles Dorfl J, 1982, J Anat 135:147-154

15. Motor systems15 Motor control of the vibrissal system Extrinsic muscles Dorfl J, 1982, J Anat 135:147-154