1. Cell Organelles and Functions

2. CELLS Are MICROSCOPIC HAVE KEY STRUCTURES: 1. Are enclosed by a MEMBRANE 2. Are filled with CYTOPLASM 3. Contain DNA 2 types: -PROKARYOTE -EUKARYOTE

3. WHAT DO YOU NOTICE ABOUT THESE CELLS? Any similarities/differences? 08/11/09

4. DISCUSS WITH YOUR ELBOW PARTNER: LIST ANY DIFFERENCES LIST SIMILARITIES GIVE EXAMPLES OF THE TWO TYPES OF CELLS

5. WHAT DOES PROKARYOTE MEAN? PRO: before KARYON: Nucleus Meaning…. DOES NOT CONTAIN A NUCLEUS EXAMPLE: -BACTERIA

6. BACTERIA: BACTERIA: EXAMPLES OF PROKARYOTES There are many different types of bacteria -- Some can cause disease --Some recycle important natural resources through decomposition --Some is used to make food, such as milk products

7. 08/11/09

9. Free template from www.brainybetty.com 9 Prokaryotic – simple, single celled organisms that lack a true nucleus. Genetic material not separated from rest of cell –Can exist in a large range of environments. They can live in hot, harsh temperatures They can live without oxygen Some can even make their own food

10. How does a Prokaryotic cell survive without a Nucleus? The Prokaryotic cells still have genetic information: DNA, that allow it to carry out all activities that the cell needs to survive, BUT it is free floating genetic material inside the cell, –INSTEAD of being contained inside the nucleus like a Eukaryotic cell.

11. WHAT DOES EUKARYOTE MEAN? EU: True KARYON: Nucleus SO IT MEANS… DOES CONTAIN A NUCLEUS EXAMPLES: –ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS –FUNGI & PROTISTS are also examples

12. Free template from www.brainybetty.com 12 Eukaryotic – cells that contain a true nucleus. –EX: PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS –Genetic material inside a nucleus –Considered to be complex (compared to prokaryotic)‏ –Houses various organelles that do specific jobs within the cell

13. Eukaryotic cells dozens of structures and internal membranes, and many are highly specialized. also contain a nucleus

14. DIFFERENCES & SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PROKARYOTE & EUKARYOTE CELLS Eukaryotes have a NUCLEUS, Prokaryotes don’t have one Eukaryotes are BIGGER, & Multicellular; Prokaryotes are smaller and Unicellular Eukaryotes are more COMPLEX; Prokaryotes are SIMPLE Eukaryotes have more MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES They are BOTH Protected by a Cell Membrane They BOTH contain genetic information (DNA) They are BOTH Microscopic types of cells

15. What type of cells are you?? Prokaryotic? Eukaryotic?

16. 16 An organelle is a SPECIALIZED STRUCTURE WITH INDIVIDUALIZED JOBS TO CARRY OUT FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL. Term means “little organ” EX. Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, etc…. What is an organelle?

19. Organelles of the cell

20. The Cell/Plasma Membrane is like the SKIN of the cell. The Cell Membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. “SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE” Contained in both Plant & Animal Made of Lipids; Phospholipids Bilayer.

21. 7/15/201621 Cytoplasm Gel/JELLO like substance inside cell where organelles are housed. Used as transport medium for ribosomes and other organelles

22. Nucleus The Cells’ BRAIN Gives instructions to the rest of the cell for how to make proteins and other important molecules CONTROL CENTER- of everything that happens in the cell It contains nearly all the cells DNA

23. Components of the nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin; chromosomes Nucleolus

24. Nuclear membrane/envelope Surrounds the nucleus Contains thousands of pores that let materials flow into and out of the nucleus

25. Chromosomes When a cell divides, chromatin condenses into chromosomes Thread like structures that contain genetic information of a cell

26. Nucleolus Contained within the nucleus Where the making of ribosomes begins

27. 27 THE “MIGHTY” Mitochondria AKA “Powerhouse of the cell” Mitochondria - Makes energy in the form of ATP by doing Cellular Respiration ATP are produced to “power” the cell.

28. Ribosomes It is the smallest organelle Protein synthesis (makes proteins)‏ *** Surrounds the nucleus, and can be found in the CYTOPLASM or on an E.R.

29. 29 Lysosome Small, spherical organelles that contain the cells digestive enzymes The clean up crew Filled with enzymes that digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules Recycle worn out cell parts

32. Chloroplasts Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into chemical energy called GLUCOSE Only found in plants Does this in a Process called Photosynthesis Contain CHLOROPHYLL; a green pigment inside that actually traps the light

33. CHLOROPLASTS

34. 34 Cell wall Rigid structure found outside cell membrane of plants. Made of proteins and carbohydrates; called cellulose; main part of wood and paper Cell Wall - Supports & protects the cell. It is found in plant cells NOT animal cells.

35. Cytoskeleton A network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape Ex’s: –Microtubules –Microfilaments

36. Supports the cell’s structure. Some help the cell move in its environment. II. Cytoskeleton “cyto- cell, -skeleton – support structure” Examples: cilia – short, hair-like structures flagella – long, tail-like structure

37. Microtubules Hollow and made of protein Aid in cell structure Pull chromosomes apart during cell division Help build cilia and flagella

39. Microfilaments Threadlike structures made of protein Form extensive networks Tough flexible framework supports the cell

40. Examples of Protista Kingdom…. Euglena Paramecium