1. YOUNG & VERY YOUNG LEARNERS -Young Learners (YL) are 7-12 years old; -Till adolescence - Very Young Learners (VYL) are under 7 years of age (~3-7 years old)

2. Useful Methods/Techniques Brightly colored visuals, toys, puppets or objects Total Physical Response (TPR) by James Asher (1977) - students listen to the teacher and physically respond to his/her instructions.

3. Stories Usage of stories and contexts in home country or culture can help YLs connect English with their background knowledge, which is limited because of their young age and inexperience.

4. Stories All learners learn better with stories. Stories are energizers/warmers Any topic can be taught through stories.

5. Attention Young learners have short attention spans. For ages 5–7, Keep activities around 5 and 10 minutes long. For ages 8–10, keep activities 10 to 15 minutes long.