1. Industrial Revolution and the US Economy #letsmakemoney #letsbecomeaworldpower #USAUSAUSA Period 4.2

2. Expansion Population and Westward ▪ Population doubling every 25 years WHY? 1. Immigration – Irish and German ▪ Why-Europe running out of room- 60 million misplaced ▪ Better life, get here quicker with invention of steamboat-=safer. ▪ Irish- Moved due to Potato Famine- killed about 2 million Irish. ▪ Too poor to move westward settled in eastern cities (NYC, Boston) ▪ Took construction jobs like railroads and canals ▪ Hated throughout the US- “Ancient Order of the Hibernians” and Molly Maguire's protect the friendless. ▪ German- Failed Democracy ▪ Had wealth and went west upon arrival= more scattered. ▪ Both drank heavily.

3. Xenophobia

4. ▪ Created- Nativism- anti immigration- immigrants would out-vote, outbreed, and overwhelm old stock Americans. ▪ Immigrants took the nativist jobs and were the wrong religions ▪ Formed the Order of the Star Spangled Banner Party (Know Nothings) ▪ Stricter immigration/naturalization laws ▪ Created and Sold nativist propaganda

5. Industrial Revolution The Transition from man made products to machine made ▪ Why so late: 1. British- Dumping goods into the US and Have monopoly on Industry 2. No labor force- Until Immigration- people would rather farm 3. No capitol- Jackson Kills the Bank 4. Raw Materials cannot be mass excavated 5. Lack of Consumers- mostly subsistence living ▪ Samuel Slater- Father of the Factory System- New England- 1791 ▪ Industrial Espionage ▪ Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin- work of 50 slaves- 1793 ▪ Leads to increase of slavery due to expansion of cotton ▪ Interchangeable Parts-also invented by Whitney.

6. Effects of the Industrial Revolution ▪ Growth of cotton, slavery, and sectionalism (Industry in North) ▪ Advancements- ▪ Sewing Machines-Isacc Singer ▪ Patten office ▪ Limited Liability Corporations (provided Capitol) ▪ Steel Plow- John Deer ▪ Mechanical Reaper- Cyrus McCormick ▪ Samuel B. Morse- Telegraph ▪ Washington to Baltimore- “What Hath God Wrought” ▪ Links the country together physically ▪ Textbook 305-307

8. A New Work Day ▪ Children and Woman were the primary workers in the factories ▪ Woman saw this as an opportunity for independence. Took teaching jobs and factory jobs- remained single longer (only 20%) ▪ Marriage= cult of domesticity but new domestic feminism ▪ Families begin to shrink- more mouths to feed ▪ long hours, low pay, and horrible conditions leads to labor unions and strikes ▪ Companies would bring in “scabs” leads to immigrant tensions ▪ Martin Van Buren passes the 10 hour day for federal employees (precedent) ▪ 1842- Massachusetts state court- Commonwealth v Hunt ▪ Labor unions are legal as long as they are peaceful

9. Transportation ▪ When- 1790’s After creation of a strong central government ▪ Where- Cumberland road(Intra), Lancaster turnpike(Inter) ▪ Why- people moving west and products coming back ▪ Who- Robert Fulton- Steam Engine ▪ Turns the Mississippi into a 2 way highway.

10. Canals and Railroads ▪ Eire Canal- Built by New York Dewitt Clinton ▪ Connects lake Eire to Hudson ▪ Completed in 1825 ▪ Railroads- first completed in 1828 ▪ 1860- 30,000miles of track (mostly in North) ▪ **Roads, Canals, and steam ships less important

11. Effects of transportation 1. Canals and railroads link the east to the west- creating Siamese Twins 1. South always thought the south and west would leave union together 2. Canals and railroads rob rivers of traffic 3. Transportation promotes development of land and hurts natural resources- ecological imperialism 4. Railroad decrease shipping price and bring down price of goods 5. North East resists railroads= fear drain in population