1. Journal: What is Sectionalism?

2. Sectionalism

3. Industrialization in America The U.S. is turning away from international trade  turning toward development of domestic industries. Jefferson’s Embargo Act (1807)  forbade all international trade to and from American ports,  Congress repealed the Act in 1809, many shipping centers,, had shut down, People forced to look for other sources of income.

4. The War of 1812 Americans had invested in international trade and shipping. U.S. went to war against Britain.  British established naval blockades along much of the coastline. Stopped foreign trade. Lost a lot of money Now wanted to develop industries at home Who do you think was first to industrialize? New England, Middle, South

5. Industrialization in America Samuel Slater  British Immigrant  Established textile factory in RI  Other imitated his plans  “Father of the American Industrial Revolution” Lowell, Appleton, Jackson  Revolutionized textile industry by mechanizing the manufacturing process  Lowell, Mass.- manufacturing center  Family farms were declining

6. Agriculture in the North West Farmers in North West (OH,IN,IL,WI,MI)  Established small farms They were self sufficient. Cities grew, Small farms downsized  Grew 1 or 2 crops Grains- did not require labor No demand of slaves  Sold crops to city markets

7. Agriculture in the North Farms were smaller than North West. Slavery was dying out  No economic motivation to use slaves. Began to voice concern over slavery.  Voluntarily abolished it (1804).

8. Cotton Becomes King In the South Demand for Cotton  Great Britain and North Cotton Gin-  Invented by Eli Whitney  Separated seeds from Cotton  Accelerated slave expansion of south Southerners- bought huge amounts of land  Needed slaves  put an enormous slave labor force to work. Plantation System  Transformed LA, MS, and AL

9. Slavery becomes the “Staple of the South” *1789-1810, cotton production surged from 3,000 bales/year to 178,000. *Number of slaves in the South increased from 700,000 to 1,200,000.

10. Journal: What are the three sections of sectionalism? How did Madison try to unite the country (Plan)?

11. Journal: How did Marshall’s Supreme Court expand and promote national power?

12. The American System James Madison Henry Clay Two Different Economies (North and South) President Madison- Unification Plan United Regions Create strong stable gov’t Self sufficient nation Critics (Clay/Calhoun) agreed with the plan

13. The American System 1. Established a protective tariff. 3. Sponsored the development of the transportation systems as well as other internal improvements. 2. Resurrected the National Bank. (Established during Washington’s administration under Hamilton’s guidance, and then much reduced in influence under Jefferson)

14. Benefits of The American System United Economic Interests  North Manufactured goods  Sell-to the Farmers of the South & West  South & West would raise grain, meat, and cotton  Sell- to the North Nationally accepted currency Improved transportation Would facilitate exchange of goods.

15. Tariffs Tariff of 1816  Increase cost of foreign goods  Helped pay for improvements Roads, Canals, and Lighthouses  North- welcomed  South & West- did not welcome Resented gov’t intervention Did not depend on manufactured goods

16. The National Bank Before unification-Regional Banks  Issued their own currency  Difficult to do business with other regions After unification-The National Bank  Guaranteed to be accepted nationwide  Congress approved for 20 years

17. Internal Improvements “Era of Good Feelings” Roads  Turnpikes  Toll Booths 12 years- Paid for Construction  National Road Cumberland MD to Vandalia, IL. Erie Canal  363 Miles  Big Ditch  Linked Hudson River to Erie Lake (connected Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes)

18. Monroe Doctrine Monroe  Virginia  Republican (President after Madison 1816) Monroe Doctrine  Reason- Spain & Portugal trying to reclaim land Russia pushing into the U.S. from Alaska  Warned all European powers not to interfere with the Western Hemisphere If they interfered…it would be seen as a threat to the peace and safety of the U.S.  U.S. would not interfere in European Affairs  Major Principle of American Foreign Policy

19. Missouri Compromise Carved up land acquired during Louisiana Purchase Admitted  Maine as a free state  Missouri as a slave state Rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into two parts:  one free  one slave Monroe signed in 1820  Slavery debate seemed to be settled.

20. Missouri Compromise

21. Directions for the Chart Students will be split in groups of 3 or 4:  North (2 groups)  South (2 groups)  West (2 groups) Each group will fill in the following sections of the chart:  Expansion of Slavery  Tariff  Internal Improvements  Bank of United States Decide how your section feels:  Do you Support it or Do not support it  Give reasons why

22. Questions to Consider… Consider how did you deal with slaves? Do you need slaves? Will the roads etc. benefit you? How do you ship things? How do banks affect you? Would it be a benefit to you to have standard currency? Is credit important to your business? Does your business need loans?