1. 1. Why is it cold in winter and warm in summer? A) The sun gives off more heat in the summer than in the winter. B) The Earth’s tilt changes the angle of sunlight hitting the Earth. C)The Earth’s orbit brings it closer to the sun in the summer and farther from the sun in winter. D) One side of Earth faces toward the sun while the other side faces away.

2. 2. If you go outside on December 21 in Arizona, would you see Orion? Answers for why or why not are listed below. Choose the best explanation for your answer. A) Orion is not visible because it is too far South of the equator for people in Arizona to see. B) Orion is not viewable in Arizona’s skies in the winter because it is on the opposite side of the sun from our winter solstice. C) Orion is viewable from Arizona in the winter time in the south because it lies on the equator. D) Orion is viewable all year from Arizona because it lies on the equator.

3. 3. If the Earth were tilted on its axis, but did not revolve in its orbit around the sun, how would it effect our seasons? A) The seasons in the Northern hemisphere will change four times in one year. B) The seasons in the Southern hemisphere will change four times in one year. C) The seasons would be opposite in each hemisphere and stay the same all year. D) The seasons would change only twice in one year.

4. 4. Choose the reason for your answer to number 3 from the list of reasons below. A) I know this because for seasons to exist, the Earth must revolve. B) I know this because the if the sun shines on a tilted Earth, then only two seasons can exist; one in the Northern hemisphere and the opposite season in the Southern hemisphere. C) I know this because if the Earth weren’t tilted, the sun would shine more on one hemispheres than another. D) I know this because in order for us to have summer and winter the sun will have to shine more directly on a hemisphere in summer and less directly in its winter. For this to happen, the Earth must tilt. For seasons to change, the earth must revolve.

5. 5. We see different phases of the moon throughout the month because A. Earth’s shadow covers part of the moon we don’t see as Earth rotates. B. the sun’s shadow covers parts of the moon as the moon revolves around the sun. C. the moon is illuminated on the side facing the sun, and the moon revolves around a rotating Earth. D. one part of the moon is illuminated while the other part is not as it rotates.

6. 6. The moon phase that occurs during a lunar eclipse would have to be a A) waning crescent B) new moon C) full moon D) waxing crescent

7. 7. A solar eclipse has happened when (Draw a picture in the box provided). A. the moon’s shadow falls on part of the Earth. B. the moon is blocked by the sun C. the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon D. the Earth’s shadow falls on the sun.

8. 8. A lunar eclipse has happened when (Draw a picture in the box provided) A) the moon’s shadow falls on part of the Earth B) the moon is blocked by the sun C) the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon D. the Earth’s shadow falls on the sun.

9. 9. Describe the difference between an umbra and a penumbra.

10. A)Identify the moon phase. B) Identify the eclipse. C) Identify the tide. 10

11. 11. Which number/s in the model below represents a neap tide? 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

12. 12. Which number/s in the model below represents a spring tide? 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

13. 13. Which number/s in the model below represents a solar eclipse? 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

14. 14. A. Which number/s in the model below represents a waxing gibbous? SUN Ea rth 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Draw a waxing Gibbous in the box. HINT: note where the sun is in the diagram.

15. 15. Which number/s in the model below represents a waning crescent? 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Draw a waning Crescent in the box. HINT: note where the sun is in the diagram.

16. 16. Which number/s in the model below represents a waning crescent? 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

17. 17. Where is it 12 noon in the diagram below? A. On the equator B. Above the equator C. Below the equator Earth SUN

18. 18. Where is it 12 noon in the diagram below? A. On the equator B. Above the equator C. Below the equator Earth SUN

19. 19. What season is it in the diagram below? A. Summer Solstice B. Winter Solstice C. Vernal Equinox D. Autumnal Equinox Earth SUN

20. 20. What season is it in the diagram below? A. Summer Solstice B. Winter Solstice C. Vernal Equinox D. Autumnal Equinox Earth SUN

21. 21. Where would the constellation of Orion Be? A. B. C. D. Earth SUN A B C D

22. 22. Where would the constellation of Scorpios Be? A. B. C. D. Earth SUN A B C D

23. 23. A. Identify the constellation below. B. Tell what season you would look in the night sky to see it.

24. 24. A. Identify the constellation below. B. Tell what season you would look in the night sky to see it.

25. 25. A. Identify the constellation below.