1. Romanticism AP European History Unit 3.2 The Death of Saradanapalus Eugene Delacroix 1827, 1844 Louvre

2. What is Romanticism?What is Romanticism?  Cultural and artistic movement of the 19 th C  Revolt against 18 th C Enlightenment & Classicism  Emotion over reason!  Disillusionment over French Revolution  Emphasis on intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination as ways of knowing  Began in 1790s, peaked in 1820s  Mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain, France, and Germany  Glorification of the artist as GENIUS

3. Characteristics of Romanticism  Individualism  Individuals have unique, endless potential  Self-realization comes through art  Romantics often had dramatic, emotional lives - Bohemian Wanderer above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich 1818

4. Moonrise by the Sea Caspar David Friedrich 1822

5. Characteristics of Romanticism  The Romantic Hero – sentiment and individualism  Solitary hero who was ready to defy the world and sacrifice his life for a great cause  Lord Byron

6. So We’ll Go No More A Roving

7. Characteristics of Romanticism  Glorification of Nature  Rejection of industrialization & middle-class values  Viewed nature as awesome, powerful, tempestuous, spiritual  Pantheism – identifying great force in nature with God  Desire to return to country/farm life Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831

8. The Sea of Ice Caspar David Friedrich 1823-1824 The Slave Ship J.M.W. Turner 1840

9. Characteristics of Romanticism  Interest/portrayal of the exotic, the occult, and the macabre  Witches, ghosts, demons, pagan mythology  Fascination with dreams & the unknown  Edgar Allen Poe Saturn Devouring His Son Francisco Goya c. 1819 - 1823

10. The Colossus Francisco Goya 1808-1812

11. Characteristics of Romanticism  Fascination with History  Grimm Brothers & Hans Christian Anderson – preserved German/Danish fairy tales  Revival of medieval Gothic architecture – idealized Middle Ages  Historical studies promoted the growth of national aspirations Houses of Parliament 1837-1860

12. The Lady of Shalott And down the river’s dim expanse Like some bold seer in a trance, Seeing all his own mischance With glassy countenance Did she look to Camelot. And the closing of the day She loosed the chain, and down she lay; The broad stream bore her far away The Lady of Shalott Alfred, Lord Tennyson 1832

13. Characteristics of Romanticism  Nationalism  Synthesis of history & emotional intensity  Reaction to revolutions and upheavals Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi Eugene Delacroix 1826

14. The Raft of the Medusa Theodore Gericault 1818-1819

15. The Massacre at Chios Eugene Delacroix 1824

16. The Third of May Francisco Goya, 1814

17. Poetry  Best embodiment of artistic characteristics of Romanticism  Flourished in Britain  William Wordsworth  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  Lord Byron  Percy Bysshe Shelley  John Keats  William Blake

18. I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. William Wordsworth

19. Ode to MelancholyOde to Melancholy No, no, go not to Lethe, neither twist Wolf's-bane, tight-rooted, for its poisonous wine; Nor suffer thy pale forehead to be kiss'd By nightshade, ruby grape of Proserpine; Make not your rosary of yew-berries, Nor let the beetle, nor the death-moth be Your mournful Psyche, nor the downy owl A partner in your sorrow's mysteries; For shade to shade will come too drowsily, And drown the wakeful anguish of the soul. John Keats

20. Literature – The Great Age of the Novel  The Gothic Novel  Jane Eyre – Charlotte Bronte (1847)  Wuthering Heights – Emily Bronte (1847)

21. Literature – The Great Age of the Novel  The Historical Novel  Ivanhoe – Sir Walter Scott (1819)  The Hunchback of Notre Dame – Victor Hugo (1831)  Les Miserables – Victor Hugo (1862)  The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)

22. Literature – The Great Age of the Novel  The Science-Fiction Novel  Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817)  Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)  The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde – Robert Louis Stevenson (1886)

23. Romanticism in ArtRomanticism in Art  Eugene Delacroix (1798- 1863)  French  Dramatic, colorful, exotic paintings  Considered greatest Romantic painter Lady Liberty Leading the People Eugene Delacroix, 1830

24. Romanticism in ArtRomanticism in Art  Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840)  German  Preoccupation with God and nature – lots of landscapes The Tree of Crows Caspar David Friedrich 1822

25. Romanticism in ArtRomanticism in Art  Joseph M. W. Turner (1775-1851)  English  Colorful, dramatic landscapes – demonstrate power and terror of nature Snow Storm, Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps J.M.W. Turner 1812

26. Romanticism in ArtRomanticism in Art  John Constable (1776- 1837)  English  Gentle country landscapes The Cornfield John Constable 1826

27. Romanticism in ArtRomanticism in Art  Francisco Goya (1746 – 1828)  Spanish  Pessimistic, bold paintings Charles IV and his Family Francisco Goya 1800

28. Romanticism in MusicRomanticism in Music  Romanticism realized most fully and permanently its goals of free expression and emotional intensity in music  Expansion to full orchestra  Glorification/fame of the musician  Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)  Contrasting themes and tones – dramatic and emotional music  “ Beethoven’s music opens the flood gates of fear, of terror, of horror, of pain, and arouses that longing for the eternal which is the essence of Romanticism. He is thus a pure Romantic composer.”