1. + Resurgence or Deterioration? The State of Cultural Unions in the 21 st Century Rachel Shane, Ph.D. University of Kentucky

2. + Union Percent of Workforce 11.8% 32.5%

3. + Employee Representation USACanadaBritainIrelandAustraliaNew Zealand Union Density, 2004 13%29%28.8%35%22.7%21.1% Density trend in private sector, 1995 - 2004 Fell from 10.4 to 7.9% Fell from 22.2% to 18.8% Fell from 21.6% to 17.2% Fell from 45.0% to 28.3% Fell from 26% to 17.4% Fell from 19.8% to 12.0% Source: Freeman, Richard B. Do Workers Still Want Unions? 2007Do Workers Still Want Unions?

4. + Union Attitudes USACanadaBritainIrelandAustraliaNew Zealand Management attitudes to union voices Hostile Skeptical Mainly tolerant DependsMainly tolerant Union attitudes to non-union voice HostileTolerantSkepticalTolerant but wary TolerantSkeptical Political Climate Highly polarized Neutral Supportive HostileSupportive Trend in representation In-crisisStable UnstableStable Source: Freeman, Richard B. Do Workers Still Want Unions? 2007Do Workers Still Want Unions?

5. + Approval of Labor Unions Source: Gallup Poll, Approval of Labor Unions Holds Near Its Low, at 52%, 2011Approval of Labor Unions Holds Near Its Low, at 52%

6. + Approval of Labor Unions by Political Party Source: Gallup Poll, Approval of Labor Unions Holds Near Its Low, at 52%, 2011Approval of Labor Unions Holds Near Its Low, at 52%

7. + But do workers want unions?

8. + Percent of nonunion workers who would vote for union representation Source: Freeman, Richard B. Do Workers Still Want Unions? 2007Do Workers Still Want Unions?

9. + Are the trends similar with cultural unions?

10. +

11. + Council of Stock Theatres (COST) Developing Theatres Other TYA Cabaret Disney URTA SETA Dinner Theatre Casino Off Broadway Orlando Chicago New Orleans Hollywood San Francisco Bay Area

12. + Equity Members Working, 1990-2011 Source: Actors’ Equity Association, Annual Report 2010-11

13. + Percent of Equity Members Working, 1990-2011 Source: Actors’ Equity Association, Annual Report 2010-11

14. + Median Equity Member Salary

15. + Median Equity Member Salary, Adjusted for Inflation

16. + Equity Work Weeks, 1961-2011 Source: Actors’ Equity Association, Annual Reports

17. + Equity Work Weeks by Type, 1990- 2011

18. + Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers Film Television Commercials New Media News and Broadcast Sound Recordings Music Videos Corporate/Educ ational

19. + Path to Merger Equity claimed jurisdiction of film SAG formed by former Equity members AFRA formed Failed SAG- AFTRA Merger Vote 1920-1933 1933 1937 1999 2003 SAG Strike 2000

20. + Increased membership to 140,000 115,000 members were already members of both SAG and AFTRA AFTRA 68,000 total members 45,000 dual SAG members 23,000 broadcasters, recording artists, background, “other” Source: The Actors Network

21. + More members can qualify for health and pension coverage End to jurisdictional disputes Response to consolidation of entertainment conglomerates Increased leverage in contract negotiations Provide a more powerful force against union erosion

22. + Union Mergers Strategy for improving union bargaining power and conserving resources Unions benefit from the increased economy of scale AFL-CIO has actively promoted mergers involving unions representing workers in the same or related industries 1995 – 2007: 31 union mergers in the United States

23. + Recording companies Motion pictures Television Films TV Variety Programs TV and Radio Commercials Non-broadcast industrial films Interactive Media

24. + Growing discord Detroit Symphony Strike, 2010-11 Broadway Strike, March 2003 Chicago SO Strike, Sept 2012 Seattle SO Strike Authorization, Oct 2012

25. +

26. + Seattle Symphony “The Seattle Symphony is one of the highest earned income- producing orchestras in the country and is forecasted to again have a balanced budget in the 2012-13 season. We are proud of the contribution our past concessions have made toward balancing the budget, and see no reason that continued pay cuts should be necessary.” YearNet Gain/Loss 2010($1,275,788) 2009($2,265,828) 2008($429,447) 2007$340,827 2006($4,453,405) 2005($2,098,626) 2004$1,975,160 2003($350,357) 2002($1,636,756) 2001($2,622,827) Musicians Financial Status David Sabee, Cellist

27. The Orchestra Forum “Elephant” Task Force League of American Orchestras Mid-Winter Managers’Meeting January 25, 2009

28. + There Is an Elephant in the Room What Are WE Going to Do About the Lousy Economy?

29. + Getting to the Point Cheap Trustees Greedy Musicians Unappreciative Communities Arrogant Music Directors Shitty Management The ETF has addressed the root causes of our malaise:

30. + So what does all this mean about the cultural unions?

31. + Cultural Union Attitudes USAEquitySAG-AFTRAAFM Management attitudes to union voices HostileTolerantTolerant but wary Hostile Union attitudes to non-union voice Hostile Trend in representation In-CrisisStable In-Crisis