1. LECTURE 1: THE SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY

2. What is Matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space. Examples: –Your desk –Your pen –You But is Air matter?

3. Build a Data Table # of PumpsMass of BallChange in Mass 25 50 75 100

4. Is Air Matter? YES! It has mass – the mass of the ball changed. It has volume – the ball expanded after each trial.

5. More Vocabulary Atoms –The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of an element Element –A pure substance made of only one kind of atom Compound –A substance made from 2 or more different kinds of elements Molecule –The smallest unit of an element or compound that still retains all its properties.

6. Water in Three States Section 1 What Is Chemistry? Chapter 1

7. Visual Concepts Solid, Liquid and Gas Chapter 1

8. CLASSIFYING MATTER

9. Classifying Matter Chapter 1 Section 3 How Is Matter Classified?

10. Yet More Vocabulary Pure Substance –Have fixed compositions –Every sample is exactly the same Mixtures –A blend of 2 or more types of matter –Components can be separated by filtration, distillation, etc.

11. Pure Substances Section 3 How Is Matter Classified? Chapter 1

12. Elements are Pure Substances Each elements is represented by a distinct chemical symbol. Section 3 How Is Matter Classified? Chapter 1

13. Types of Mixtures Homogeneous –Mixtures that are uniform throughout –For example, soda Heterogeneous –Mixtures that are NOT uniform throughout –For example, sand in water or oil and vinegar Stop here!

14. Particle Models for Gold and Gold Alloy Chapter 1

15. Types of Mixtures Chapter 1 Section 3 How Is Matter Classified?

16. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

17. Properties of Matter, continued Chemical Properties A chemical property a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions. A chemical property of many substances is that they react with oxygen. example: rusting Some substances break down into new substances when heated.

18. Question #1 What is a chemical?

19. Answer #1 Any substance with a definite composition.

20. Question #2 Which state of matter is characterized as having a definite shape and volume?

21. Answer #2 Solid

22. Question #3 Which state of matter is characterized as having a definite volume but taking the shape of its container?

23. Answer #3 Liquid

24. Question #4 What type of change does not change the identity of the matter? (Only the appearance changes)

25. Answer #4 Physical Change

26. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

27. Units of SI Measurement Length – meter (m) Mass – gram (g) Volume – liter (L or l) Time – second (s) Temperature – Celsius (C) or Kelvin (K) Amount of substance – Mole (mol)

28. Visual Concepts SI (Système Internationale d’Unités ) Chapter 1

29. Common Prefixes

30. Conversion Factors Used to switch from one unit to another unit Changing meters to centimeters Changing hours to minutes

31. Visual Concepts Conversion Factor Chapter 1

32. Conversion Example 1 M, __, __, k, h, da, BASE UNIT, d, c, m, __, __, μ,___, ___, n, __, __, p How many μL are in 4.5 L? Step 1: What’s known 4.5 L = X µL Step 2: Conversion Factor From L to μL are 6 steps 1 L = 1 x 10 6 μL Step 3: Set – up & solve 4.5 L = X µL 1 L 1 x 10 6 μL 4 500 000 μL OR 4.5 x 10 6 μL

33. Conversion Example 2 M, __, __, k, h, da, BASE UNIT, d, c, m, __, __, μ,___, ___, n, __, __, p How many Mg are in 600. g? Step 1: What’s known 600. g = X Mg Step 2: Conversion From Mg to g there are 6 steps 1 Mg = 1 x 10 6 g Step 3: Set-up & solve 600. g = X Mg 1 x 10 6 g 1 Mg 0.0006 Mg 6.0 x 10 -4 Mg

34. Conversion Example 3 M, __, __, k, h, da, BASE UNIT, d, c, m, __, __, μ,___, ___, n, __, __, p How many nm are in 3.2 km? Step 1: 3.2 km = X nm Step 2: From km to nm there are 12 steps 1 km = 1 x 10 12 nm Step 3: 3.2 km = X nm 1 km 1 x 10 12 nm 3 200 000 000 000 nm 3.2 x 10 12 nm

35. DENSITY

36. Properties of Matter, continued Density is the Ratio of Mass to Volume The density of an object is the mass of the object divided by volume of the object. Densities are expressed in derived units such as g/cm 3 or g/mL. Density is calculated as follows:Density

37. Properties of Matter, continued Density Can Be Used to Identify Substances Because the density of a substance is the same for all samples, you can use this property to help identify substances.

38. Visual Concepts Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties Chapter 1

39. Visual Concepts Chemical Reaction Chapter 1

40. Evidence of a Chemical Change Section 1 What Is Chemistry? Chapter 1

41. Visual Concepts Signs of a Chemical Reaction Chapter 1

42. 1.Which of the following is best classified as a homogeneous mixture? A.blood B.copper wire C.pizza D.hot tea Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

43. 1.Which of the following is best classified as a homogeneous mixture? A.blood B.copper wire C.pizza D.hot tea Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

44. 2.Which of the following statements about compounds is true? F. A compound contains only one element. G.A compound can be classified as either heterogeneous or homogeneous. H.A compound has a defined ratio by mass of the elements that it contains. I.A compound varies in chemical composition depending on the sample size. Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

45. 2.Which of the following statements about compounds is true? F. A compound contains only one element. G. A compound can be classified as either heterogeneous or homogeneous. H. A compound has a defined ratio by mass of the elements that it contains. I. A compound varies in chemical composition depending on the sample size. Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

46. 3.Which of the following is an element? A.BaCl 2 B.CO C.He D.NaOH Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

47. 3.Which of the following is an element? A.BaCl 2 B.CO C.He D.NaOH Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

48. 4.Is photosynthesis, in which light energy is captured by plants to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water, a physical change or a chemical change? Explain your answer. Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

49. 4.Is photosynthesis, in which light energy is captured by plants to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water, a physical change or a chemical change? Explain your answer. Answer: Photosynthesis is a chemical change because the products of the change are different substances than the starting materials. Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

50. 6.Describe the physical and chemical changes that occur when a pot of water is boiled over a campfire. Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1

51. 6.Describe the physical and chemical changes that occur when a pot of water is boiled over a campfire. Answer: A physical change is the conversion of liquid water to vapor. A chemical change is the reaction between wood and oxygen that generates heat while forming carbon dioxide and ash. Standardized Test Preparation Understanding Concepts Chapter 1