1. The economy of the 21st century is based on skills and (0) knowledge according to a recent report.KNOW The study shows that throughout this century there will be more jobs for those with the right qualifications and the right skills, and fewer jobs for those with none. The best employee will be one with a (1)... levelDEMONSTRATE of academic or (2)... achievement that can enable theVOCATION individual to support their CV with evidence of desirable personal qualities. As (3)... increases andGLOBE technological advances make typical working practices redundant, (4)... employees will needPROSPECT to show various personal attributes. As well as wanting people who are flexible, companies are also looking for evidence of (5)...ADAPT It is also (6)............ necessary to be an excellentINCREASE communicator as the majority of companies make their profits from the skills of people selling their goods as much as from the producers themselves. The recruitment of the very best people is crucial. Unless businesses show the (7)... to adapt they may find theyWILL are (8)... according to the authors of the report.SUSTAIN adjective demonstrable adjective vocational globalisation prospective noun adjective noun adverb noun adjective adaptability increasingly willingness unsustainable

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8. LINKERS SO The bridge was damaged, SO (THAT) we couldn’t get across the river. The teacher spoke for SUCH a long time THAT no one was listening in the end. SO + adjective / adverb + THAT SO THAT They were SO surprised THAT they didn’t try to stop him. She dressed SO quickly THAT she put her boots on the wrong feet. SUCH + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + THAT WITH THE RESULT THAT He could no longer work in his country, WITH THE RESULT THAT he emigrated to the US. Expressing result WITHIN the same sentence.

9. LINKERSExpressing result BETWEEN sentences CONSEQUENTLY FOR THIS / THAT REASON Usually at the beginning of a sentence referring to the previous one. THEREFORE AS A CONSEQUENCE IN CONSEQUENCE AS A RESULT He injured himself in training yesterday. AS A CONSEQUENCE he won’t be taking part in the match today. THUS formal

10. LINKERS Expressing result OTHERWISE OR ELSE She must have missed the train, OTHERWISE / OR ELSE she would be here by now.

11. LINKERS Expressing reason BECAUSE AS SINCE + clause You should study science subjects at university BECAUSE / AS / SINCE it is really hard to find a job with a degree in languages. AS / SINCE it is really hard to find a job with a degree in languages, you should study science subjects at university. ON THE GROUNDS THAT formal

12. LINKERS Expressing reason BECAUSE OF OWING TO DUE TO + ING form All flights have been cancelled BECAUSE OF the bad weather. + noun AS A RESULT OF ON ACCOUNT OF IN VIEW OF formal ON THE GROUNDS OF formal

13. Your school wants to increase the percentage of its students studying science subjects to advanced level. The head teacher has asked you to write a report on attitudes towards science among the students. Your report should evaluate the appeal of science at the school, explain why comparatively few students want to become scientists, and suggest ways of encouraging more of them to consider a future career in science. Write your report. 220-260 words WRITING – PART 2

14. Concern has been expressed ……………. a relative lack of interest ………….. science …………… a school subject or future career. This report focuses ………………. the views of students and puts ………………. suggestions for improving the image of science. The vast majority of students who opt for science subjects feel they …………… the right decision. They enjoy ……………… experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that the teaching staff are …………… highly qualified than their counterparts in arts subjects. ………….. consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment. Unfortunately, ………….., some students think twice before choosing sciences, …………… to their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorising facts and figures. ……………, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in the sciences. The writer introduces the topic of the report. The writer evaluates the appeal of science at the school. The writer explains why comparatively few students want to become scientists. about / over in as on forward made conducting more In however owing / due Moreover / Furthermore

15. ……………… addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged …………… the perceived lack of glamour of science as a profession, by film stereotypes of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with …………. the media often treat scientific research, ……………… instance concerning genetically modified food. To create a more positive impression of science, students ………………… be invited to participate …………… Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculties. They should also be ……………… aware of the benefits of studying science, …………… as developing thinking skills, discovering …………… things work and – one day – finding real solutions to real problems. The writer explains why comparatively few students want to become scientists. The writer suggests ways of encouraging more students to consider a future career in science. In by which for should made suchhow in

16. Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses on the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science. The vast majority of students who opt for science subjects feel they made the right decision. They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that the teaching staff are more highly qualified than their counterparts in arts subjects. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment. Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, owing to their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorising facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in the sciences. In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the perceived lack of glamour of science as a profession, by film stereotypes of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with which the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified food. To create a more positive impression of science, students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculties. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and – one day – finding real solutions to real problems. Science at school and at work TITLE HEADING Introduction Viewing science lessons positively Viewing science lessons negatively The media view Suggestions