1. How do you know when an object is moving? MOTION

2. What is Motion? any physical change or change in position, or reference, relative to a reference point. Reference Point Movement

3. X Axis Y Axis Distance = how far an object has moved. Measured in meters, kilometers (cm or mm) If each mark represents 10 cm, what is the distance between the girl and the ball? ______ 100 cm

4. Displacement = Final Position - Initial Position Δ d = x f - x i Her final displacement is ______ from the starting point.

5. If the girl walks to the red ball, then walks backwards to the bear, how far has she traveled? 130 cm X Axis Y Axis Displacement= the distance of a body’s change in position from a starting point. Her final displacement is ____ from the starting point? (Displacement = Final Position - Initial Position) 70 cm

6. Objects to the right of 0 have a POSITIVE position Objects to the left of 0 have a NEGATIVE position. What is the position of the Smiley Face? ______________ Lightning Bolt _______________ Heart? ______________

7. Speed = the distance an object travels per unit of time (sec, hour, year..etc) Speed Equation Speed (meters/second) = distance (in meters) time (sec) V = Δ d Δ t

8. A car travels a distance of 500 m in 10 sec. What is the car's speed? V = d Δ t A second car travels a distance of 100 meters in 20 seconds. What is this car's speed? V= 500 m/10 sec V= 50 m/s V= d/t V= 100m/20s V= 5 m/s

9. More practice. (Speed = distance/ time) An elevator travels from the first floor to the 25th floor of a building, a distance of 180 meters, in 60 seconds. What is the elevator's speed? Find the Distance = ______ Find the Time = _______ Calculate the Speed = _______ 180 m 60 sec V= d/t V= 180 m/ 60s V= 3 m/s

10. Constant Speed Constant speed means that the speed stays the same throughout the entire distance *Very few things can stay at a constant speed. Rather, things usually move at a constant speed for a period of time. The cyclist speeds up, slows down, stops..etc Imagine traveling on a bike, you start at 0 speed. Then you speed up and reach constant speed and travel at that speed for a few blocks. Then you brake to slow down and eventually come to a stop.

11. Graphs represent speeds of objects. This graph shows a bus as it travels its route. Between what points is the bus accelerating? _____ & ____ Between what points is the bus moving at a constant speed? _____ & _____ Between what points is the bus stopped? __________ Between what points it the bus decelerating? _________ O-A D-E A-BE-F C-D B-C

12. Average SPEED = total distance traveled time taken This is useful when you are trying to measure speed, and the object moved at varying speeds throughout the trip. For instance, if you drove from here to Chicago, you might AVERAGE 60mph, even though you stopped at lights, or slowed down or when 70 at some points on your trip.

13. On graphs that show distance versus time, the SLOPE of the line is a measure of the velocity of the object. Distance vs Time Slope = (Y2-Y1)/ (X2-X1) Slope = (800-400)/(4-2) Slope = 400/2 Slope = 200m/min

14. 1.Calculate each average velocity. Bill _____ Myrtle ______ Zed ______

15. 2. Can you find from the graph, the point where Zed stopped for a while? 3. Which turtle wins the race? 4. At what time period was Bill and Myrtle's speed the same?

16. What is Velocity? Velocity is a measure of the speed of an object AND the direction it is moving in space. On the escalator, passengers are moving at the same speed, but they are moving in different directions. So….. they have different VELOCITIES *Velocities can change even if speed is remaining constant (you just change direction) V = Δ d Δ t and include a direction

17. Speed is......._____________________________ Velocity is.... _____________________________

18. A car travels north 600 m in 10 sec. What is the car's velocity? V = Δ d Δ t Your results should have: NUMERICAL ANSWER UNITS DIRECTION

19. Velocity = distance/time (more practice) 1. If a person is walking at 4 m/s, how far can he travel in 30 seconds? a) 120 meters b) 7.8 meters c).08 meters 2. A spaceship can move 100 meters in 2 seconds. What is the ship's velocity? a) 200 m/s b) 50 m/s c).002 m/s 3. A chicken runs across the street at a speed of 12 m/s. If the road is 36 meters across, how long does it take for the chicken to cross the road? a) 3 s b) 432 s c).333 s

20. QUIZ TIME - MOTION

21. 1. Motion indicates a change in _____________ 2. Motion is relative to a ___________ of reference. 3. Write the equation for displacement: _______ 4. Write the equation for velocity: 5. What units (standard) are used for velocity? ___ 6. What units are used for distance? ____ 7. Vector quantities measure magnitude and ___.

22. 8. How far did the object move at 6 seconds? ______ 9. If Y2 = 5 Y1 = 0 Calculate the slope. 10. The slope of the line is a measure of the object’s? ____

23. Part II: Acceleration What is the difference between velocity and acceleration?

24. Is it possible that you could have gotten to a speed of 45 mph if you had stopped at the stop sign? You would need to know how fast your car accelerated from a starting velocity of 0. The measure of the RATE OF CHANGE OF VELOCITY is called ACCELERATION

25. Acceleration = the rate of change of velocity Change in Velocity = final velocity (v f ) - initial velocity (v i ) Acceleration (m/s 2 ) = (v f ) - (v i ) time units

26. Change in velocity is often written as the triangle indicates "change" acceleration = change in velocity change in time If a car moves at a constant velocity, then its acceleration is zero

27. Calculations A skateboarder is traveling at 8 m/s. He slows and comes to a stop in 4 sec. What was the acceleration? (hint: it is a negative number) What is the Vf? _____ What is the Vi? _____ What is the acceleration? _______

28. A sailboat is moving at 12 m/s when a gust of wind changes its velocity to 18 m/s. The wind lasts 10 seconds. For that 10 sec, what was its acceleration? What is the Vf? _______ What is the Vi? _______ What is the t? _______

29. Positive acceleration = speeding up Negative acceleration = slowing down A Ducati can accelerate to 97 km/h (60 mi/h) in 3 seconds.

30. A Ducati can accelerate to 97 km/h (60 mi/h) (27 m/s) in 3 seconds. What is the acceleration of a ducati if it starts at 0, gets to a velocity of 27 m/s in 3 seconds?

31. So consider your situation….. The distance between the stop sign and the school parking lot entrance is 40 meters. The cop says your velocity was 20 m/s (45 mph). How long would it take you (t) to travel a distance of 60 meters at that speed? V = d Δ t

32. So, putting all the data together, according to the cop Your initial velocity (at stop sign) was 0 m/s Your final velocity (at entrance) was 20 m/s The time it took you to travel that distance would be 2 sec. What would have been your acceleration? Is this faster or slower than the ducati?

33. Think about this.... What are three ways to change the velocity of a car? Accelerate Decelerate Change direction

34. QUIZ TIME - MOTION

35. 1. The triangle in the equation represents ________ 2. If you are slowing down, then you have a ____________ acceleration. 3. A bike that goes from 6 m/s to 16 m/s in 20 seconds. Set up the equation that you would use to calculate the acceleration of the bike. 4. Solve the equation in #3. 5. What units are used for acceleration?

36. 5. The bike changes its velocity again, going from 16 m/s to a stop over a period of 8 seconds. Set up the equation. 6. What is its acceleration? Make sure to include + or -

37. How can you measure the velocity of a mealworm?