1. Increased oceanic heat transport in the main Atlantic inflow branch to the Nordic Seas 1993-2013 Bogi Hansen, Karin Margretha H. Larsen Hjálmar Hátún, Svein Østerhus 2016 Ocean Science meeting 21-26. February, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

2. AGU, 2003 Greenland Iceland Shet- land Faroes image:AGU 2003 Atlantic inflow to the Nordic Seas Atlantic inflow Nordic Seas North Atlantic 0.8 Sv 3.8 Sv 2.7 Sv <1 Sv Faroe Current

3. AGU, 2003 image:AGU 2003 Iceland Faroes Monitoring section Faroe Current

4. Atlantic water on monitoring section ADCPs: 1997-2015 Atlantic Arctic

5. Weekly averaged volume transport 1997-2013 based on in-situ observations No statistically significant trend Volume transport (Sv) Hansen et al, 2010. Ocean Science (updated)

6. Atlantic water temperature T Atl 1°C SPG-retraction ± standard error 3-year mean

7. The effect of SPG retraction (Hakkinen & Rhines, 2004; Hátún et al., 2005) Warmer and more saline Before 1995After 1995

8. Relative heat transport from individual CTD cruises Hansen et al., 2010

9. Sea level difference across the flow Satellite altimetry (AVISO) Weekly averaged volume transport 1997-2013 based on in-situ observations Hansen et al, 2010. Ocean Science

10. Combining altimetry and in-situ obs. 1. Velocity field using long-term ADCP and CTD records to calibrate altimetry, we can generate daily estimates of the velocity field every day since 1 st January 1993 2. Temperature field From altimetry and seasonal + long-term Atlantic water temperature variation we can generate daily estimates of the temperature field

11. Monthly averaged volume transport of Atlantic water 1993 - 2013 Average volume transport of Atlantic water: 3.8 ± 0.5 Sv Hansen et al, 2015. Ocean Science

12. AW transport 1993 - 2013 Weak seasonal variation Amplitude < 10% of avg transport ± standard error 20 year trend: 9±8% (95% confidence) Annual mean 3-year mean Hansen et al, 2010. Ocean Science (updated)

13. Heat transport relative to 0°C 20 year trend: 18±8% Hansen et al, 2010 Ocean Science (updated)

14. AGU, 2003 Greenland Iceland Shet- land Faroes image:AGU 2003 The main Atlantic inflow branch to the Nordic Seas speeded up from 1993 to 2013 Nordic Seas North Atlantic Volume transport increased by 9% Heat transport relative to 0°C increased by 18% NACLIM The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union 7th Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013), under grant agreement n.308299 NACLIM www.naclim.euwww.naclim.eu