1. Understanding Multiple Disabilities

2. Defining Multiple Disabilities No single definition covers all conditions IDEA defines multiple disabilities and sever disabilities in two definitions Two characteristics common to the different definitions: – Extend of support required Usually extensive or pervasive – Two or more disabilities typically occur simultaneously

3. Characteristics Intellectual functioning – Most have significant intellectual impairments Adaptive Skills – Development of self-care skills is crucial Motor Development – Significant motor and physical challenges Sensory functioning – Many students have hearing and vision impairments Communication Skills – Limited or no functional speech

4. Determining the Causes Biological causes account for about three- quarters of cases Severe intellectual disability caused by: – Genetic factors – Chromosomal disorders Complications during and after birth also account for multiple disabilities Human Genome Project Apgar test—first test given to newborns

5. Assistive Technology The student’s evaluation team should ensure that assistive technology devices: – Are necessary for the student to make progress in the general curriculum – Meet the IDEA definition which defines AT as any item which is used with the student to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities – Are considered appropriate for the environment in which the students participate – Are examined through procedures that lead to potentially effective interventions

6. Assistive Technology Assistive technology evaluations typically are multi- disciplinary The team should consider: – A speech, language and communication assessment – A seating and positioning assessment – A mobility assessment – A switch use and input/output device assessment – A writing, hand and grip strenght, and fine motor skills evaluation – A visual and hearing assessment – An assessment of home, school and community environment