1. England’s Limited Monarchy

3. Glorious Revaluation  Glorious Revolution, also called Revolution of 1688, or Bloodless Revolution, in English history, the events of 1688–89 that resulted in the deposition of James II and the accession of his daughter Mary II and her husband, William III

4. Limited Monarchy  A constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s powers.  Had to govern in partnership with Parliament

5. Constitutional Government  A government whose power is defined and limited by law

6. France Under Louis XIV

7. Absolute Monarchy  A ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people.

8. An Absolute Monarch Rises  Louis XIV inherited the throne at age 5 in 1643  Soon after this, disorder began in France  The uprising was called the Fronde  The lower classes rebelled against the royal power  At age 23 Louis rules on his own

9. “I am the State”  Louis XIV believed in his divine right to rule (God-given right)  The sun became the symbol of his absolute power  Just as the sun stands at the center of the solar system, the Sun King stands at the center of the nation  “L’etat, c’est moi” or “I am the state”  The Estates General was made to check royal power  During his reign, he never called a meeting of the Estates General  Royal power could not be checked

10. Louis XIV Strengthens Royal Power  Louis appointed intendants (royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out policies)  These jobs went to wealthy middle class men  Built the French army as the strongest in Europe  They enforced policies at home and abroad

11. Colbert Builds France’s Finances  Jean-Baptiste Colbert was the finance minister  Imposed mercantilist policies to make economy better  Farming, mining, industry and luxury trades  High tariffs on imported goods  Helped to make France the wealthiest state in Europe  Huge costs of Louis’ court and wars abroad still put the country in debt

12. Versailles: Symbol of Royal Power  The palace of Versailles was built outside of Paris  Spared no expense in making it  Finest paintings and statues, chandeliers and mirrors  Flowers, trees and fountains grew in geometric patterns  Symbol of wealth and power  Kings home and housed nobles, officials, and servants

13. A Strong State Declines  Louis ruled France longer than any other monarch – 72 years!  By the end of his reign, France was the strongest state in Europe  Some of his decisions, however, brought down France

14. Waging Costly Wars  Louis XIV poured a lot of his resources into wars because he wanted to expand French borders  Other European countries joined together to fight off the French so there would be a balance of power in Europe  Expenses for these wars were very high

15. Persecuting Huguenots  Louis XIV thought of France’s Protestant minority as a threat to religious and political unity  He persecuted French Protestants (Huguenots) until they fled France  They were among the hardest working and most prosperous of the French subjects  This hurt the French economy