1. From Freezing to Hibernation Physical Property: Freezing Antifreeze Hibernation

2. Water Pure water freezes at 0 o C. Freezing Point Lowering (phys prop) –29.2 g NaCl (table salt) in 1 kg water freezes at -1.85 o C. –Apply salt (NaCl, CaCl 2 ) or CMA to icy roads http://www.usroads.com/journals/p/rmj/9712/rm971 202.htmhttp://www.usroads.com/journals/p/rmj/9712/rm971 202.htm –Add antifreeze to car radiator water to lower FP to -50 o C

3. Antifreeze Protein in Snow Fleas Scientists discovered a protein in snow fleas which protect them against freezing. If this protein can be isolated, it might be used to –inhibit ice growth by about 6 o C. –increase frost resistance in plants –Increase storage time of organs for transplant http://www.physorg.com/news7456.html

4. Hibernation When animals hibernate, their body temp, heart rate and metabolism decrease dramatically. This allows them to go for long periods of time without food and water. They are in a state called “torpor”. Potential benefits for organ transplants, trauma survivors, surgical patients. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveri es/2006-01-23-hibernation_x.htmhttp://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveri es/2006-01-23-hibernation_x.htm http://www.d.umn.edu/biology/faculty/Andrews_p age.htmhttp://www.d.umn.edu/biology/faculty/Andrews_p age.htm