1. DO NOW: * What is a PHYSICAL change? * What is a CHEMICAL change?

2. Weathering- the process that breaks down rocks into smaller fragments- resulting in soil. Rates of weathering are affected by: 1. Surface area-when more is exposed, more weathering occurs.

3. 2. Rock composition- less resistant rocks weather faster. Rates of weathering are affected by

4. 3.CLIMATE- rocks weather (chemically) faster in hot humid climates Sinkholes in Guatamala Rates of weathering are affected by

5. TYPES OF WEATHERING 1.Mechanical Weathering- (disintegration) breaks rocks without changing the chemical composition. a. Abrasion- breaking up of rocks as they rub against each other

6. b. Biologic activity Root wedging- roots from plants grow and break rock Have you ever tripped over a sidewalk like this?

7. Animals burrow creating more surface area available for weathering to affect

8. c. Frost wedging- water seeps into cracks in rock and expands breaking it A pot hole is an example of frost wedging

9. Exfoliation or upward expansion- igneous intrusions (domes) are exposed and expand from lack of pressure. <- Agents of Erosion (wind, running water riVers, wave action, glaciers, mass wasting) weather and move layers of sedimentary rock

10. 2. Chemical Weathering (decomposition)- changes molecular structure of rock, making entirely different products. a. Oxidation- when oxygen unites chemically with minerals in rock (ex) rust

11. b. Hydration- water unites chemically with minerals in rocks – sometimes makes clay. c. Carbonation- carbon dioxide unites chemically with minerals in rocks. Carbon dioxide + water = carbonic acid which dissolves rocks! CO 2 Oh no! Slightly Acidic Rain!

12. d. Biologic Activity: Lichens, mosses, fungi, and enzymes on tree roots can decompose rock Hey, I’m a fun guy!

13. http://www.yteach.co.uk/page.php/resources/view_all?id=limestone_chalk_marble_rock_water_dissolution_carbonate_mortar_cement_concrete_page_1&from=search CaCO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH => Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O Calcium Carbonate (chalk) + Acetic Acid (vinegar) => Calcium acetate (That white stuff on the blue) + Carbon Dioxide (The bubbles you saw in the beginning of the experiment) Water (The reason the chalk looks wet) + The Great Chalk Experiment You can’t get something from nothing! *N TICE*

15. Remember this?

16. Obelisk built in 1443 BCE. It was erected first at Heliopolis, Egypt, and moved to Alexandria in 12 BCE by the Romans. Later, presented to the City of New York by the Khedive of Egypt in 1879, and erected in Central Park early in 1881. Pink granite; 69 ft. x 8 ft. 21 meters high and weighs about 180 tons.) "Cleopatra's Needle”: Hmmmm…. Why are they different?

17. Chemical weathering of chalk bedrock in England. Sinkholes: http://youtu.be/tQvv8YFCGsY http://youtu.be/tQvv8YFCGsY

18. Caves are a result of chemical weathering.

19. Infiltration happens http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/ket09_vid_karst/

20. What is Erosion? The MOVEMENT of (weathered) sediment by wind, water, ice or gravity which wears away or lowers Earth’s land surfaces. * Erosion is NOT weathering! http://youtu.be/XAYhNHhxN0A WIND Coastal processes gravity Glaciers Rivers -

21. What is the result of weathering and erosion?

22. A mature soil profile Sediment Transported soil- was brought by an agent of erosion. Residual soil- weathered native bedrock

24. What is Deposition ? Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. +

25. When wind, waves, glaciers, and gravity lose carrying power, particles are dropped onto the surface of the land. When the river meets the sea= delta

26. When running water meets a shallower slope, it drops the heaviest particles first. x http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0604/es0604page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization Horizontal Sorting

27. When the river meets the land= alluvial fan Why is the surrounding area so fertile?

28. Factors affecting deposition in still water: 1. Particle size- larger particles will settle faster. 2. Particle shape- round particles will settle faster than flat ones. 3. Particle density- higher density particles settle first. Vertical Sorting: The number of layers tells how many depositional events occurred.

29. http://hmxearthscience.com/Warehouse/geology/surface_processes/animation s/settling.swf

30. Types of sorting

31. When Weathering and Erosion (-) = Deposition (+) the landscape is in DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

32. The End! How are your notes?