1. Frameworks for Thinking about Counselling Youth Thompson, Rudolph and Henderson, 2006

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physiological needs Physiological needs Safety needs Safety needs Love and belonging Love and belonging Self-esteem Self-esteem Self-actualisation Self-actualisation See also, Piaget, Erikson for developmental conceptualisations.

3. Reasonable Goals for Counselling Youth Client’s thoughts and feelings about life at present Client’s thoughts and feelings about life at present Where the client would like to be and what the client hopes for Where the client would like to be and what the client hopes for Development of skills, attitudes that serve resilience, future problem solving Development of skills, attitudes that serve resilience, future problem solving

4. The ‘BASIC ID’ Framework (Lazarus)  B – behaviour – fighting, disruption, talking, stealing, procrastination  A – affect – expression of anger, anxiety, phobias, depression  S – sensation/school – headaches, backaches, stomach aches, school failure, perceptual-motor problems  I – imagery – nightmares, low self esteem, excessive daydreaming and fantasising  C – cognition – irrational thinking, difficulty in setting goals, decision-making problems, problem-solving difficulties, LD  I – interpersonal relationships – withdrawing, shyness, conflict with adults/peers, family problems  D – drugs/diet – hyperactivity, weight control, drug abuse, addiction, anorexia/bulimia

5. Problems Young People Bring to Counselling Interpersonal conflict Interpersonal conflict Intrapersonal conflict Intrapersonal conflict Lack of information about self Lack of information about self Lack of information about environment Lack of information about environment Lack of skill Lack of skill

6. A Definition of Counselling for Young People To be listened to and to be heard… To be listened to and to be heard… To be supported while you gather your forces and get your bearings. To be supported while you gather your forces and get your bearings. A fresh look at alternatives and some new insights; learning some needs skills. A fresh look at alternatives and some new insights; learning some needs skills. To face your lion – your fears. To face your lion – your fears. To come to a decision – and the courage to act on it and to take the risks that living demands. To come to a decision – and the courage to act on it and to take the risks that living demands. Coleman, Morris, and Glaros (1987, p. 282) quoting David Palmer of the Student Counselling Centre at UCLA.