1. Unit 2 Roman Culture

2. Roman Culture  Romans and Greeks - Burning of Corinth (146 B.C.) marked Roman conquest of Greece. - Greece was a province of the Roman Empire. - The language of western Roman Empire was Latin, the eastern was Greek. CommonDifference Roman - Both traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. - Religions were alike. - Languages worked in similar ways, members of the Indo-European language. Built a vast empire. Greek Didn’t build a vast empire.

3. Roman Culture  Roman History  Before the year 27 B.C., a republic  Two centuries later after 27 B.C., the Roman Empire reached the greatest extent.  Pax Romana (the Romans enjoyed a 200 years peace)  Roman law (the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries)  In the 3rd century, the empire decline (inroads of northern tribes)  In the 4th century, move capital from Rome to Byzantium (renamed Constantinople)  After 395, the empire was divided into East (the Byzantine Empire) and West  In 476, the end of the West Roman Empire  In 1453, the East Roman Empire collapsed

4. Roman Culture  Latin Literature The writings in Latin showed great originality, besides being profound, powerful and beautiful.  Prose  Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 B.C.) - Played an important role in the Roman senate. - His eloquent, oratorical manner of writing, described as Ciceronian, had an enormous influence on the development of European prose.  Julius Caesar (102/100-44 B.C.) - A successful general and the dictator in Rome. - Commentaries, models of succinct Latin, use language with economy and ferocity.

5. Roman Culture  Latin Literature  Poetry  Lucretius (93-50 B.C.) Wrote the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things to expound the ideas of Epicurus the Greek atomist.  Virgil (70-19 B.C.) - The greatest of Latin poets - Wrote the great epic, the Aeneid. (Aeneas, a truly tragic hero)

6. Roman Culture  Architecture, Painting and Sculpture  Architecture Romans were great engineers.  The Pantheon - The greatest and the best preserved Roman temple. - It is in a round, domed form, has the world’s first vast interior space.

7. Roman Culture  Architecture, Painting and Sculpture  Architecture  Pont du Gard An exceptionally well-preserved aqueduct that spans a wide valley in southern France.

8. Roman Culture  Architecture, Painting and Sculpture  Architecture  The Colosseum An enormous amphitheatre built in the centre of Rome, a masterpiece of engineering, holding 5000 spectators, with interior 2/3 of a mile round.

9. Roman Culture  Architecture, Painting and Sculpture  Painting - strongly influenced by the art of Greece - wall-paintings in every house in Pompeii, the Lady Musician and Young Girl, the Maiden Gathering Flowers, the Landscape.

10. Roman Culture  Architecture, Painting and Sculpture  Sculpture glorify the rule of the emperors and events of the Roman Empire  Constantine the Great head of the first Christian emperor

11. Roman Culture  Architecture, Painting and Sculpture  Sculpture  Spoils from the Temple in Jerusalem (81 A.D.) records of triumphant procession celebrating the Roman conquest of Judaea in A.D.70.

12. Roman Culture  Architecture, Painting and Sculpture  Sculpture  She-wolf a statue illustrating the legend of creation of Rome