1. Essentials of Cultural Competence in Pharmacy Practice: Chapter 18 Notes Chapter Author: Dr. Duane A. Halbur Cultural Identity Models

2. Learning Objectives 1. Understand and apply models of identity development to both majority and minority individuals. 2. Identify key steps to becoming culturally competent. 3. Gain the ability to assess a pharmacy’s cultural sensitivity.

3. Cultural Identity Complex process Fluid Changing throughout the lifespan Pharmacists and patients, and their respective relationships, are highly impacted by their cultural backgrounds.

4. Models of Cultural Identity White identity model Helms’ white racial identity development (WID) model Steps: contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo- independence, immersion/emersion, autonomy Minority identity development (MID) model Steps: conformity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection, synergistic

5. Pharmacy Competence Continuum Naïve Open Advocates Moving an agency from naiveté to advocacy

6. Models of Working with Cultural Differences Cultural desire Cultural awareness Cultural knowledge Cultural skills A need to understand the impact of bias/stereotyping in pharmacy practice

7. Reflection Questions 1. How will your own cultural identity impact your work with others? 2. What cultural biases do you still have to overcome? 3. How will your work be impacted now that you understand the development of cultural identities? 4. How do you believe the field of pharmacy can continue to become culturally sensitive?